Proposal: Comparative Analysis of Sport Governance Structures in North America and Asia
Introduction:
This proposal aims to conduct a comparative analysis of sport governance structures in North America and Asia, focusing on the specific sport management issue of governance and examining the differences between these two regions. By analyzing the similarities, distinctions, and unique characteristics of sport governance structures, we can gain insights into the varying approaches and challenges faced in managing sports in North America and Asia.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the sport governance structures in North America and Asia, and explore their differences. By examining the organizational frameworks, decision-making processes, stakeholder involvement, and the role of government, we can understand the variations in sport governance approaches and their impact on sport management in each region.
Methodology:
1. Literature Review: Conduct an extensive review of academic literature, research articles, case studies, and industry reports on sport governance structures in North America and Asia. This will provide a foundation for understanding the current state of sport governance in both regions and highlight key similarities and differences.
2. Data Collection: Gather data through interviews, surveys, and analysis of relevant documents from sport organizations, governing bodies, and industry experts in North America and Asia. This primary data will provide deeper insights into the specific sport governance structures, decision-making processes, stakeholder relationships, and the role of government in each region.
3. Comparative Analysis: Analyze the collected data to identify and compare sport governance structures between North America and Asia. Examine the organizational frameworks, such as the role of national governing bodies, federations, and leagues, and assess their governance models. Compare the decision-making processes, transparency, and accountability mechanisms in place in both regions. Evaluate the level of stakeholder involvement, including athlete representation, and consider the influence of commercial interests.
4. Case Studies: Select representative case studies from both regions to provide practical examples of sport governance structures. Analyze specific sport management issues and initiatives undertaken by organizations in North America and Asia, and explore how governance structures have influenced their outcomes. This will provide concrete examples of the similarities and differences between the two regions.
5. Recommendations: Based on the findings, provide recommendations for sport organizations, governing bodies, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in both regions. Highlight best practices from each region that can be shared and implemented to enhance sport governance effectiveness. Identify areas where cross-regional collaboration and knowledge exchange can lead to improvements in sport management.
Conclusion:
This comparative analysis of sport governance structures in North America and Asia will contribute to a better understanding of the variations and nuances in sport management practices across these regions. By identifying similarities, differences, and best practices, this study will provide valuable insights for stakeholders involved in sport governance and management in both North America and Asia. The recommendations generated from this study can help inform future policy decisions and initiatives to enhance sport governance and management effectiveness in each region.
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Question 5
1 pts
If inflation is anticipated to be 4.00% during the next year, while the real rate of interest for a one-year loan is 4.00%, then what should be the nominal rate of interest for a one-year loan? (Note: use the Fisher equation NOT the simplified Fisher equation)
7.59%
8.40%
8.65%
7.83%
8.16%
The nominal interest rate can be calculated using the Fisher equation, which states that the nominal interest rate is equal to the sum of the real interest rate and the expected inflation rate.
The Fisher equation can be used to determine the nominal interest rate if the real interest rate and the expected inflation rate are known.
Nominal interest rate = Real interest rate + Expected inflation rate
The formula for the Fisher equation is:
N = R + EI
Where:
N = Nominal Interest Rate
R = Real Interest Rate
EI = Expected Inflation Rate
Given that the real interest rate for a one-year loan is 4%, and the anticipated inflation rate is 4.00%, the nominal interest rate can be calculated using the formula above.
Nominal Interest Rate = Real Interest Rate + Expected Inflation Rate
Nominal Interest Rate = 4% + 4%
Nominal Interest Rate = 8%
Therefore, the nominal interest rate for a one-year loan is 8.00%. This is because the sum of the real interest rate and the expected inflation rate is equal to the nominal interest rate.
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You have $1,000,000. Can you use triangular arbitrage to generate a profit using the rates listed below? If so, explain the order of the transactions that you would execute, and the profit that you would earn
Bank A SFr 1.5971/$
Bank B A$1.8215/$
Bank C A$1.1440/SFr
It is possible to make money through triangle arbitrage utilizing the rates shown below.
Here is the order of the transactions that you would execute and the profit that you would earn: First, convert the $1,000,000 to Swiss Francs (CHF) by using Bank A’s rate:$1,000,000 x 1/1.5971 = CHF 626,315. 65
Secondly, convert CHF to Australian dollars (AUD) by using Bank C’s rate: CHF 626,315.65 x 1.1440 = AUD 717,459.97Finally, convert AUD to USD by using Bank B’s rate: AUD 717,459.97 x 1/1.8215 = $394,247.55The profit earned will be :Profit = $394,247.55 - $1,000,000 = -$605,752.45, which means there is no profit.
The reason why there is no profit is that the final USD amount is less than the original USD amount. When doing triangular arbitrage, you need to ensure that the final amount is higher than the initial amount to make a profit.
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Consider a growing annuity. Suppose you are given a stated interest rate of 10%, which compounded semi-annually. Further, assume you are making a payment of $5,000 every six months, starting six months from today. This annuity will be due in 10 years. Inflation rate is 2%, semi-annually. Calculate its future value. (keep four decimals)
So, considering inflation, the future value of the growing annuity is approximately $135,497.93.
To calculate the future value of the growing annuity, we need to use the formula for the future value of an annuity:
Future Value = Payment * ((1 + r)^n - 1) / r
Where:
Payment = $5,000
r = interest rate per period = 10% / 2 = 0.05
n = number of periods = 10 years * 2 = 20
First, let's calculate the future value without considering inflation. Plugging in the values into the formula:
Future Value = $5,000 * ((1 + 0.05)^20 - 1) / 0.05
Calculating the expression inside the parentheses:
(1 + 0.05)^20 ≈ 2.6533
Plugging this value back into the formula:
Future Value ≈ $5,000 * (2.6533 - 1) / 0.05
Simplifying:
Future Value ≈ $5,000 * 1.6533 / 0.05
Future Value ≈ $5,000 * 33.066
Future Value ≈ $165,330
So, without considering inflation, the future value of the growing annuity is approximately $165,330.
Now let's consider inflation. The inflation rate is 2% semi-annually, which means it is 1% per period. To account for inflation, we need to adjust the future value using the formula:
Adjusted Future Value = Future Value / (1 + inflation rate)^n
Where:
Inflation Rate = 2% / 2 = 0.01
Plugging in the values:
Adjusted Future Value ≈ $165,330 / (1 + 0.01)^20
Calculating the expression inside the parentheses:
(1 + 0.01)^20 ≈ 1.2191
Plugging this value back into the formula:
Adjusted Future Value ≈ $165,330 / 1.2191
Adjusted Future Value ≈ 135,497.93
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An economic forecasting firm has estimated the following equation from historical data based on the neoclassical growth model:
Potential output growth = 1.55 + 0.69(Growth of labor) + 0.32(Growth of capital)
Which of the following statements is true?
The intercept (1.55) in this equation is best interpreted as the long run sustainable growth rate.
The coefficient on the growth rate of labor (0.69) in this equation is best interpreted as the labor force participation rate.
The coefficient on the growth rate of capital (0.32) in this equation is best interpreted as the share of income earned by capital.
The coefficient on the growth rate of capital (0.32) in this equation is best interpreted as the share of income earned by capital. This is the true statement.
The equation provided represents a neoclassical growth model that estimates potential output growth based on the growth rates of labor and capital. The coefficient on the growth rate of capital (0.32) indicates how changes in capital contribute to potential output growth. In this context, it represents the sensitivity of potential output growth to changes in the growth rate of capital.
The interpretation of the share of income earned by capital is appropriate because changes in capital can affect the productivity and profitability of capital investments, thereby influencing the overall income distribution between labor and capital factors. The coefficient does not directly represent the labor force participation rate or the long-run sustainable growth rate, which are distinct concepts.
The coefficient on the growth rate of capital (0.32) in the equation signifies the impact of capital accumulation on potential output growth. A higher value suggests that an increase in capital investment leads to a proportionate increase in potential output. This interpretation aligns with the neoclassical growth theory, which emphasizes the role of capital as a key driver of economic growth. It implies that allocating more resources to capital formation can enhance productivity, expand production capacity, and contribute to overall economic growth.
However, it's important to note that the coefficient alone does not provide information about the specific share of income earned by capital. The share of income earned by capital depends on various factors such as labor market conditions, technological advancements, and institutional factors that influence the distribution of income between labor and capital.
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Which of the following might appeal to scarce talent ? Multiple Choice a) fixed pay linked to organizational performance b) stable rewards c) skill - based pay d) team - based incentives e) variable pay linked to peer ratings
Among the options provided, scarce talent might be most appealed to by skill-based pay and variable pay linked to peer ratings.
Scare talent, referring to highly skilled and sought-after individuals, may be attracted to compensation structures that recognize and reward their unique abilities. Skill-based pay, which rewards employees based on their individual skills and expertise, can be a significant motivator for scarce talent.
By providing direct compensation for their specialized knowledge and capabilities, skill-based pay acknowledges the value they bring to the organization. Additionally, variable pay linked to peer ratings can also be appealing to scarce talent.
This approach involves assessing an individual's performance based on feedback and evaluations from their peers. By incorporating peer ratings into the compensation structure, scarce talent is recognized not only by the organization but also by their colleagues.
This recognition can enhance job satisfaction and create a sense of validation and accomplishment. While the other options may have their merits, fixed pay linked to organizational performance, stable rewards, and team-based incentives may not specifically address the unique needs and aspirations of scarce talent.
These individuals often seek opportunities for personal growth, recognition, and individual achievement, making skill-based pay and variable pay linked to peer ratings more compelling options.
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6. (14pts) You are about to purchase a brand new car for $23.400. You have $14.400 to put down and will need to finance the rest. The dealership has two options 1. Full price of the car and a loan of 0% interest for 3 years 2. $1000 off the price of the car (known as cash back) and a loan for the rest with an interest rate of 5.9% for 3 years Which is the better option? (you must show work to justify your answer)
Option 1 Full price of the car and a loan of 0% interest for 3 years Principal = $23,400 – $14,400 = $9,000 Monthly payment = Principal ÷ Number of months= $9,000 ÷ (3 years x 12 months/year)=$250 per month Total interest paid over 3 years = $0
Option 2 $1000 off the price of the car (known as cashback) and a loan for the rest with an interest rate of 5.9% for 3 years Principal = ($23,400 – $1,000) – $14,400= $8,000 Monthly payment = Principal + Interest/ Number of months= ($8,000 + ($8,000 x 0.059 x 3)) ÷ (3 years x 12 months/year)= $250.73 per month Total interest paid over 3 years = $8,000 x 0.059 x 3 = $1,416 Option 1 is better than option 2 because option 1 has no interest charge, while option 2 has an interest charge of $1,416. Therefore, we conclude that option 1 is better.
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Choose a market which has experienced a marked shock (unexpected change) in the past year. Avoid a market with expected seasonal variations (e.g. snow ticket sales) or one with known price fluctuations (e.g. petrol prices). Pick something that interests you, but one you can also apply the economic concepts from weeks 1 – 6. Consider the market, for example it can be easier to examine the impacts of a market shift in a town or country rather than an international shift. For instance, the shift in demand for avocados in Australia due to café closures with COVID-19 impacts farmers and consumers in Australia, and will affect GDP, and may increase unemployment etc. (2000 words)
Title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Hospitality Industry in New York City
Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions across various industries globally.
One market that has experienced a significant shock is the hospitality industry. In this analysis, we will focus on the impact of COVID-19 on the hospitality industry in New York City (NYC). NYC is known for its vibrant tourism, bustling restaurants, and thriving hotel industry, making it an ideal case study to examine the effects of a sudden market shift.
Overview of the Hospitality Industry in NYC:
Before delving into the impact of COVID-19, let's provide an overview of the hospitality industry in NYC. The industry encompasses a wide range of BUSINESSes, including hotels, restaurants, bars, cafes, and tourism-related services. NYC has been a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of domestic and international visitors each year.
The Shock: COVID-19 and its Effects:
The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a sudden and unexpected shock to the hospitality industry in NYC. The measures taken to control the spread of the virus, such as travel restrictions, lockdowns, and social distancing requirements, had severe implications for businesses in the sector.
a. Decline in Tourism: NYC experienced a significant decline in tourism as travel restrictions were imposed, flights were canceled, and people were advised to stay at home. The closure of borders and reduced travel demand resulted in a sharp decline in hotel bookings and tourist arrivals.
b. Restaurant Closures and Reduced Dining: To curb the spread of the virus, restaurants in NYC faced temporary closures and stringent operating restrictions. Indoor dining was suspended, and later reopened with limited capacity. These measures led to a substantial decline in restaurant revenues and forced many establishments to shut down permanently.
c. Impact on Employment: The hospitality industry is a significant employer in NYC. The shock caused by COVID-19 resulted in widespread layoffs and furloughs, leading to a surge in unemployment rates. Many workers in the industry, including hotel staff, waitstaff, and kitchen staff, faced job insecurity and income loss.
d. Supply Chain Disruptions: The shock to the hospitality industry had cascading effects on its supply chain. Suppliers of food, beverages, linens, and other essential goods and services also faced reduced demand and financial strain.
Economic Implications:
The impact of the COVID-19 shock on the hospitality industry in NYC has far-reaching economic implications. Some key areas to consider are:
a. GDP and Output: The decline in tourism, restaurant closures, and reduced consumer spending in the hospitality sector have contributed to a significant reduction in NYC's GDP. The contraction of the industry's output has ripple effects on related sectors, such as transportation, retail, and entertainment.
b. Unemployment and Income Inequality: The hospitality industry is labor-intensive and employs a diverse workforce. The shock to the industry resulted in mass layoffs and increased unemployment rates. This has exacerbated income inequality, particularly affecting low-wage workers who heavily rely on the industry for their livelihoods.
. Government Support and Stimulus Packages: To mitigate the economic fallout, the government introduced various support measures and stimulus packages. These included wage subsidy programs, loans, and grants to help businesses in the hospitality sector stay afloat and retain employees.
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jim and jackie are married with three children at home and a mortgage. jim’s net pay per year is $67,000 and jackie does not have income. their mortgage payment of $2,800 includes insurance on their home. they have additional monthly expenses of $2,700.
Jim and Jackie have a monthly disposable income of $1,083.33 after paying their mortgage and additional expenses, based on Jim's net pay of $67,000 per year.
Jim and Jackie, a married couple with three children and a mortgage, have a net annual income of $67,000 for Jim. Jim's annual income is divided by 12 to determine their monthly net pay, resulting in a monthly net pay of $5,583.33. Their mortgage payment, which includes home insurance, amounts to $2,800 per month.
In addition, they have other monthly expenses totaling $2,700. To calculate their disposable income, the sum of the mortgage payment and additional expenses is subtracted from the monthly net pay. The resulting figure is $1,083.33, representing the amount of money available for Jim and Jackie to allocate towards other needs or savings after meeting their mortgage and additional expenses each month.
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A restaurant manager tracks complaints from the diner satisfaction cards that are turned in at each table. The data collected from the past week's diners appear in the following table.
Complaint
Frequency
Food taste
47
Food
49
temperature
Order mistake
විය. 13
Slow service
5
Table/utensils dirty
10 10
Too expensive
22
Using a classic Pareto analysis, what are the vital few complaints?
Food taste
Food temperature
Order mistake
Slow service
Table/utensils dirty
Too expensive
The vital few complaints using a classic Pareto analysis are as follows: Food taste Food temperature Too expensive Explanation: Using Pareto analysis, the 80/20 principle, we can identify the complaints that need to be addressed by the restaurant manager.
The 80/20 rule, also known as the Pareto principle, suggests that 80% of the outcomes result from 20% of the causes. In other words, the vital few are responsible for the vast majority of the results. As a result, this rule may be useful in identifying the causes of a problem and prioritizing efforts to resolve it. A Pareto chart can be created using the information provided in the question in order to identify the vital few complaints. In a Pareto chart, the vertical axis represents the frequency or number of occurrences, and the horizontal axis represents the complaints.
The complaints are ordered in descending order of frequency from left to right. Frequency Cumulative %Food taste 47 47 23.2% Food temperature49 96 47.1% Too expensive22 118 57.8% Order mistake13 131 64.2%Table/utensils dirty10 141 69.1%Slow service5 146 71.6%. From the table, it is clear that food taste, food temperature, and too expensive are the most frequent complaints from the diners. These are the vital few complaints that need to be addressed by the restaurant manager.
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urgentttt!!! will get you likes
Assuming a market basket of goods cost $ 8,500 in the base year now costs $ 10,200 , what is the current CPI? 0.83 0.12 120 114
The current CPI is 120, indicating a 20% increase in the overall price level compared to the base year.
What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI) at present?The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in prices of a market basket of goods and services over time. In this case, the market basket of goods cost $8,500 in the base year and now costs $10,200.
To calculate the current CPI, we divide the cost of the market basket in the current year ($10,200) by the cost of the market basket in the base year ($8,500) and multiply by 100.
Current CPI = (Cost of the market basket in the current year / Cost of the market basket in the base year) x 100
In this scenario, the calculation would be:
Current CPI = ($10,200 / $8,500) x 100 = 120
Therefore, the current CPI is 120, indicating a 20% increase in the overall price level compared to the base year.
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Case Scenario:
You are the IT Director for a large tertiary care center. You have been asked to create a database that will collect patient demographic, clinical and billing information for the oncology department. Your first task is to determine what type of database structure will best meet the needs of the department and the organization. You have narrowed your choices for database structure to either a relational or a NoSQL database model. Now, the head of oncology has asked that you attend a meeting to elaborate on the abilities of each of these models and how each would meet his department's needs. He would like you to explain each model so that he can provide feedback to you before the final decision is made. To prepare for this meeting, answer the following questions in detail using your own words.
Compose an argument for why a NoSQL database model would best meet the oncology department's needs. Include details about the abilities of a NoSQL database model and how it works.
Make a recommendation for which type of database that would best meet the needs of the oncology department. Explain why you have chosen it.
Argument for NoSQL Database Model in Oncology Department:
A NoSQL (Not only SQL) database model would best meet the needs of the oncology department due to its unique capabilities and characteristics. Here are the reasons why a NoSQL database model is well-suited for the department:
1. Flexible Data Structure: Oncology data is highly varied, complex, and constantly evolving. A NoSQL database allows for flexible and dynamic schema design, enabling the department to handle diverse data types, including unstructured and semi-structured data such as clinical notes, images, genomics data, and patient histories. This flexibility ensures that the database can adapt to changing data requirements without significant modifications.
2. Scalability and Performance: Oncology departments deal with a massive volume of patient data, including demographic, clinical, and billing information. NoSQL databases are horizontally scalable, meaning they can handle increasing data volumes by distributing the load across multiple servers. This scalability ensures high-performance data storage and retrieval, enabling real-time analysis and faster decision-making processes.
3. High Availability and Fault Tolerance: Continuity of data access is critical in the oncology department, where timely access to patient information is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and research. NoSQL databases provide built-in replication and data distribution capabilities, ensuring high availability and fault tolerance. Even in the event of server failures or network issues, the system remains accessible, minimizing downtime and ensuring uninterrupted operations.
4. Schema Flexibility and Agile Development: The oncology department often encounters changes in data models and requirements due to evolving medical practices and research advancements. NoSQL databases excel in handling agile development processes by eliminating the need for predefined schemas and allowing developers to iterate quickly. This flexibility reduces the time and effort required to implement changes and adapt the database to new data structures.
5. Integration with Big Data Technologies: The oncology department can benefit from utilizing big data technologies, such as data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, to gain insights and improve patient care. NoSQL databases seamlessly integrate with these technologies, providing the foundation for advanced analytics and data-driven decision-making.
Recommendation:
Based on the unique requirements of the oncology department, my recommendation is to adopt a NoSQL database model. Its flexibility, scalability, performance, high availability, and agility make it an ideal choice for managing the diverse and rapidly changing data in the oncology field.
A NoSQL database will allow the department to store and analyze large volumes of structured and unstructured data efficiently. It will enable real-time access to patient information, support advanced analytics, and facilitate integration with emerging technologies such as machine learning and AI. The NoSQL model's ability to handle complex data structures and adapt to evolving data needs aligns perfectly with the dynamic nature of oncology data.
Furthermore, by leveraging the scalability and fault-tolerance of NoSQL databases, the oncology department can ensure continuous access to critical patient information, reducing downtime and improving overall operational efficiency.
Overall, a NoSQL database model offers the necessary flexibility, scalability, and performance required for the oncology department to effectively manage and analyze patient data, drive research, and provide optimal care to their patients.
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Presidents may issue a(n) __ , with the intent to influence the way a specific bill the president signs should be enforced.
Explanatory amendment
Executive organization
Statutory addendum
Singing statement
Presidents may issue a option d) singing statement, with the intent to influence the way a specific bill the president signs should be enforced.
A signing statement is a written statement made by the President of the United States when signing a bill into law. This statement may contain a variety of messages, such as what the President thinks of the bill, how it will affect the country, or how it should be enforced. The most common purpose of a signing statement is to provide guidance on how the executive branch should interpret and implement the law.
Typically, signing statements are issued when the President has concerns about the constitutionality of a bill, or if he believes that it may interfere with his powers as Commander-in-Chief or Chief Executive.
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The tendency for some product developers to add additional features or functionality to a product that are not of any benefit to most consumers and unnecessarily add to the cost of the product is referred to as Multiple Choice C function exaggeration product line extension feature bloat sensory overload. product differentiation
Product bloat or feature bloat refers to a situation in which a product is packed with too many features that are not of much use. The tendency for some product developers to add additional features or functionality to a product that are not of any benefit to most consumers and unnecessarily add to the cost of the product is referred to as Product bloat.
These additional features are mostly added to differentiate the product from its competitors, increase the value of the product, and make it appear unique. However, these added features might make the product more complicated to use, or make the product harder to understand.
Most of the time, feature bloat is used by the developer to meet the needs of a small group of customers. The cost of adding these features might not seem significant at first, but it can quickly add up, making the final product cost much higher than it should be. Feature bloat can also lead to sensory overload, making the product harder to use, navigate, and understand.In conclusion, Product bloat or feature bloat refers to the practice of adding unnecessary features to a product that doesn't benefit the customers in any way. Instead, it increases the product cost and makes the product more complicated and harder to use, leading to sensory overload.
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B. What will be the price of a 3% coupon, $1,000 face value bond 15 years from today if the bond matures in 25 years and the going rate of interest for such bonds is 6%?
C. What is the value of a $1,000 zero-coupon bond that matures in 25 years when the required rate of return is 4.5% ?
D. What is the yield-to-maturity of a $1,000 bond with a coupon rate of 7%, a 19 year maturity, and a current price of $1,260?
E. What is the price of one share of 6% preferred stock that has a par value of $50 while investors have a required rate of return of 8%?
F. What is the required rate of return on a $5 preferred stock with a market price of $57 and a par value of $30?
G. Using the dividend growth model, what is the value of one share of a common stock that paid a dividend of $2.40 yesterday when investors require a 10% return on their investment and who perceive that dividends will grow at 4% per year for the foreseeable future?
H. What is a stock's total rate of return if it sells for $50 in the market, paid a dividend of $3.70 yesterday, and investors anticipate the company's dividend will grow at 5% for the foreseeable future?
1. Assuming a stock sells for $70 and paid a $2.15 dividend yesterday, what is the stock's capital gains yield if it's dividends are expected to grow at 4% each year for the foreseeable future?
J. What is a stock's total rate of return if it paid a dividend of $4.71 yesterday, sells for $62, and investers feel that dividends will grow at 5% per year for the foreseeable future?
B. To calculate the price of a bond, the formula given below is used:Price of bond = [C * (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r] + [F / (1 + r)^n]
Where,C = Coupon paymentF = Face valuer = Periodic interest rate, i.e. YTM / m (m is the number of compounding per year)n = Number of periods.
, Therefore using the above formula, the price of the bond is calculated as follows:Price of bond = [(0.03 * 1000) * (1 - (1 + 0.06 / 2)^-30) / (0.06 / 2)] + [1000 / (1 + 0.06 / 2)^30]= $1,123.20 (approximately)
C. To calculate the price of a zero-coupon bond, the formula given below is used:Price of bond = F / (1 + r)^nWhere,F = Face valuer = Required rate of returnn = Number of periods
Therefore, using the above formula, the price of the bond is calculated as follows:Price of bond = 1000 / (1 + 0.045)^25= $301.96 (approximately)
D. To calculate YTM, the formula given below is used:P = C / (1 + r)1 + C / (1 + r)2 + ... + C / (1 + r)n + F / (1 + r)nWhere,P = Price of bondC = Periodic coupon paymentF = Face valuer = Yield to maturityn = Number of periods
Therefore, using the above formula, the YTM is calculated as follows:1260 = 70 / (1 + r)^1 + 70 / (1 + r)^2 + ... + 70 / (1 + r)^19 + 1000 / (1 + r)^19r = 5.5%D.
To calculate the price of a preferred stock, the formula given below is used:Price of stock = D / rWhere,D = Dividendr = Required rate of returnTherefore, using the above formula, the price of the preferred stock is calculated as follows:Price of stock = (0.06 * 50) / 0.08= $37.50E. To calculate the required rate of return, the formula given below is used:Required rate of return = (Dividend / Market price) + Dividend growth rateTherefore, using the above formula, the required rate of return is calculated as follows:Required rate of return = (5 / 57) + (5 / 30)= 14.47%F. To calculate the value of a common stock, the formula given below is used:Value of stock = D / (r - g)Where,D = Dividendr = Required rate of returng = Dividend growth rate
Therefore, using the above formula, the value of the common stock is calculated as follows:Value of stock = (2.40 * (1 + 0.04)) / (0.10 - 0.04)= $35.04 (approximately)
G. The total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = Dividend yield + Capital gains yieldDividend yield = Dividend / Market priceCapital gains yield = (Dividend growth rate + Capital gains rate) / (1 + Required rate of return)Therefore, using the above formula, the total rate of return is calculated as follows:Dividend yield = 3.70 / 50= 7.40%Capital gains yield = (0.05 + (Market price - Purchase price) / Purchase price) / (1 + 0.05)= 12.38%Total rate of return = 7.40% + 12.38%= 19.78%H.
The capital gains yield is calculated as follows:Capital gains yield = (Market price - Purchase price) / Purchase price= (50 - 2.15) / 2.15= 2.30%The total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = Dividend yield + Capital gains yieldDividend yield = Dividend / Market price= 3.70 / 50= 7.40%
Therefore, using the above formula, the total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = 7.40% + 2.30%= 9.70%I. The capital gains yield is calculated as follows:Capital gains yield = Dividend growth rate= 4%The total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = Dividend yield + Capital gains yieldDividend yield = Dividend / Market price= 2.15 / 70= 3.07%Therefore, using the above formula, the total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = 3.07% + 4%= 7.07%J.
The total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = Dividend yield + Capital gains yieldDividend yield = Dividend / Market price= 4.71 / 62= 7.60%Capital gains yield = Dividend growth rate= 5%.
Therefore, using the above formula, the total rate of return is calculated as follows:Total rate of return = 7.60% + 5%= 12.60%
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A firm has common stock of $89, paid-in surplus of $260, total liabilities of $405, current assets of $380, and net fixed assets of $590. What is the amount of the shareholders' equity
The firm has a negative shareholders' equity of $56.
To find the amount of shareholders' equity, you need to subtract total liabilities from the sum of common stock and paid-in surplus. In this case, the common stock is $89 and the paid-in surplus is $260, so their sum is $89 + $260 = $349.
Next, subtract total liabilities from this sum: $349 - $405 = -$56.
The result is -$56, which means that the firm has a negative shareholders' equity of $56. This suggests that the firm has more liabilities than assets, which may indicate financial instability.
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The management at Little Cow Construction Company wants to continue its internal discussions related to its cash management. One of the man team members presents the following case to his cohorts: Case in Discussion Little Cow Construction Company's management plans to fihance its operations with bank loans that will be repaid as soon as cash is available. The company's management expects that it will take 40 days to manufacture and sell its products and 35 days to receive payment from its customers. Little Cow's CFO has told the rest of the management team that they should expect the length of the bank loans to be approximately 75 days. Which of the following responses to the CFO's statement is most accurate? O The CFO's approximation of the length of the bank loans should be accurate, because it will take 75 days for the company to manufacture, sell, and collect cash for its goods. All these things must occur for the company to be able to repay its loans from the bank. O The CFO is not taking into account the amount of time the company has to pay its suppliers. Generally, there is a certain length of time between the purchase of materials and labor and the payment of cash for them. The CFO can reduce the estimated length of the bank loan by this amount of time. Setting and implementing a credit policy is important for three main reasons: O It has a major effect on sales, it influences the amount of funds tied up in receivables, and it affects bad debt losses. It has a minor effect on sales, it influences the amount of funds tied up in receivables, and it affects bad debt losses.
The most accurate response to the CFO's statement is that the CFO is not taking into account the amount of time the company has to pay its suppliers. Generally, there is a certain length of time between the purchase of materials and labor and the payment of cash for them. The CFO can reduce the estimated length of the bank loan by this amount of time.
The CFO's approximation of the length of the bank loans may not be accurate because it overlooks the time it takes for the company to pay its suppliers for materials and labor. This payment period is an important factor in the company's cash management. To determine the appropriate length of bank loans, it is necessary to consider the entire cash flow cycle, which includes the time taken to manufacture and sell products, collect payment from customers, and pay suppliers. By recognizing the payment period to suppliers, the CFO can adjust the estimated length of the bank loan accordingly. Considering the full cash flow cycle is crucial for effective cash management. It allows the company to accurately assess cash inflows and outflows, optimize the timing of loan repayment, and ensure sufficient cash availability for operational needs.
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150
words
Create an effective elevator speech.
The value you bring in a brief timeframe, typically the duration of an elevator ride demonstrates the value you can bring to potential clients or employers to provide employment.
Here's an example of an effective elevator speech
"Hi, I'm [Your Name]. I'm a seasoned digital marketer with a passion for helping businesses thrive in the online world. With over five years of experience in driving targeted traffic, increasing brand visibility, and optimizing conversion rates, I specialize in creating data-driven strategies that generate tangible results. Whether it's optimizing websites for search engines, managing social media campaigns, or implementing effective email marketing, I bring a comprehensive approach and a track record of success to every project. I've had the privilege of working with diverse clients, from startups to multinational corporations, and I'm always eager to leverage my expertise to help businesses achieve their digital marketing goals. Let's connect and explore how I can contribute to your success."
This elevator speech effectively introduces yourself, highlights your expertise and experience, and demonstrates the value you can bring to potential clients or employers. It is concise, engaging, and leaves a strong impression, making it an effective tool for networking and showcasing your skills.
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Hello, I wanted to double-check my answer. Would this
be correct? thank uuuu
nces Contractionary monetary policy is when Multiple Choice O government spending is decreased. O the money supply is decreased. O taxes are increased. O exchange rates are increased.
Contractionary monetary policy refers to the decrease in the money supply, as indicated by the option "the money supply is decreased." (Option B)
Contractionary monetary policy refers to a decrease in the money supply. It aims to control inflation and slow down economic growth by reducing the availability of money in the economy. This is achieved through various measures such as increasing interest rates, selling government securities, and tightening lending standards.
By decreasing the money supply, the central bank seeks to curb spending and investment, which in turn can help reduce inflationary pressures. Additionally, higher interest rates can encourage saving and discourage borrowing, leading to a decrease in consumer spending and investment. Overall, contractionary monetary policy is implemented to achieve macroeconomic stability by controlling inflation and preventing excessive economic expansion.
Overall, the effectiveness of contractionary monetary policy depends on the specific economic conditions and the appropriate calibration of policy measures. Central banks need to carefully consider the trade-offs and implement such policies in a balanced manner to achieve their desired objectives of price stability and sustainable economic growth.
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A ball of mass 160 g is travelling at 1.5 m/s and hits a second identical ball that is at rest. The second ball moves off at 1.0 m/s. The two balis ate in contact for 1.0×10 ^−1
s. What is the average force between the balls while they are in contact? A.8.0 N
C. 8000 N
D. 16 N
D. 0.016 N
E. 16000 N
The average force between the balls while they are in contact is 0.To calculate the average force between the balls while they are in contact, we can use the principle of conservation of momentum.
According to this principle, the total momentum before the collision should be equal to the total momentum after the collision, assuming no external forces are involved.
the momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity: p = m * v.
given:mass of each ball (m) = 160 g = 0.16 kg
initial velocity of the first ball (v1) = 1.5 m/sinitial velocity of the second ball (v2) = 0 m/s (at rest)
final velocity of the first ball (v1f) = 1.0 m/sfinal velocity of the second ball (v2f) = unknown
time of contact (t) = 1.0 × 10⁻¹ s
using the conservation of momentum, we can set up the following equation:
(m * v1) + (m * v2) = (m * v1f) + (m * v2f)
substituting the given values:
(0.16 kg * 1.5 m/s) + (0.16 kg * 0 m/s) = (0.16 kg * 1.0 m/s) + (0.16 kg * v2f)
0.24 kg⋅m/s = 0.16 kg⋅m/s + 0.16 kg⋅v2f
0.24 kg⋅m/s - 0.16 kg⋅m/s = 0.16 kg⋅v2f
0.08 kg⋅m/s = 0.16 kg⋅v2f
dividing both sides by 0.16 kg:
v2f = 0.08 kg⋅m/s / 0.16 kg = 0.5 m/s
now that we have the final velocity of the second ball (v2f), we can calculate the change in momentum and the average force between the balls:
change in momentum = (m * v2f) - (m * v2)change in momentum = (0.16 kg * 0.5 m/s) - (0.16 kg * 0 m/s)
change in momentum = 0.08 kg⋅m/s
average force = change in momentum / time of contactaverage force = 0.08 kg⋅m/s / (1.0 × 10⁻¹ s)
average force = 0.8 n 8 n ( a).
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The concept of the learning curve emerged in the aerospace industry as firms attempted to estimate costs for items that were to be developed for a specific purpose and then made repetitively throughout the duration of the project. The assumption was that as additional units are produced, a certain amount of learning occurs such that each subsequent unit takes less time to produce. Plots of production time for subsequent units revealed that learning does indeed take place.
On the standard learning curve, assuming a 90 percent learning curve, when the first unit produced requires 100 hour, the second unit requires 90 percent of 100 or 90 hours. Each successive doubling of the cumulative production yields a 10 percent improvement over the previous time. Thus, the fourth unit produced requires 90 percent of the time required for the second unit (90 hours)--.90x90=81 hours. Further, the eighth unit produced requires 90 percent of the time required for the fourth unit--72.9 hours. To generalize, the concept known as the learning curve was formalized by the following equation:
Y=aXbwhere
Y=time required to produce the Xth unit
a=time required to produce first unit
X=cumulative number of units produced
b=ln(rate of learning)/ln(2) with the rate of learning expressed as a decimal.
Problem 1Your Answers
If a company requires 60 minutes to produce the first unit and operates
on a 90 percent learning curve, how much time is required for the
16th, 32th, 64th, and 200th items.16th=
32nd=
64th=
200th=
Problem 2
If a company requires 60 minutes to produce the first unit and operates
on 70 percent learning curve, how much time is required for the
16th, 32th, 64th, and 200th items.16th=
32nd=
64th=
200th=
Problem 3
If 60 minutes are required to produce the first unit and 48 minutes are
required to produce the 10th unit, how much time is required for the 25th unit?
How much time is required to produce all 25 units (Hint: try this in a spreadsheet)?
In learning curve, the time required to produce all 25 units is approximately 300 minutes.
The learning curve is a concept that emerged in the aerospace industry as a way to estimate costs for items being developed and produced repeatedly throughout a project. The idea is that as more units are produced, there is a learning effect that reduces the time required to produce each subsequent unit.
In the standard learning curve, which assumes a 90 percent learning curve, the time required for each unit decreases by 10 percent for each doubling of cumulative production.
For Problem 1, if the first unit requires 60 minutes to produce, we can use the learning curve equation to calculate the time required for the 16th, 32nd, 64th, and 200th items:
16th unit: Y = aX^b
Y = 60 * (16^b)
Y = 60 * (16^0.152)
Y ≈ 60 * 0.617
Y ≈ 37.02 minutes
32nd unit: Y = aX^b
Y = 60 * (32^b)
Y = 60 * (32^0.152)
Y ≈ 60 * 0.790
Y ≈ 47.39 minutes
64th unit: Y = aX^b
Y = 60 * (64^b)
Y = 60 * (64^0.152)
Y ≈ 60 * 0.921
Y ≈ 55.27 minutes
200th unit: Y = aX^b
Y = 60 * (200^b)
Y = 60 * (200^0.152)
Y ≈ 60 * 0.995
Y ≈ 59.69 minutes
For Problem 2, if the company operates on a 70 percent learning curve, we can repeat the calculations:
16th unit: Y ≈ 39.84 minutes
32nd unit: Y ≈ 45.42 minutes
64th unit: Y ≈ 51.81 minutes
200th unit: Y ≈ 58.61 minutes
For Problem 3, if the first unit requires 60 minutes and the 10th unit requires 48 minutes, we can use the learning curve equation to find the time required for the 25th unit:
Y = aX^b
48 = 60 * (10^b)
0.8 = 10^b
b ≈ log(0.8) / log(10)
b ≈ -0.096
Now, we can calculate the time required for the 25th unit:
Y = aX^b
Y = 60 * (25^-0.096)
Y ≈ 60 * 0.891
Y ≈ 53.44 minutes
To calculate the time required for all 25 units, we can use the formula for the sum of a geometric series:
S = a * (1 - r^n) / (1 - r)
where S is the sum, a is the first term, r is the common ratio, and n is the number of terms.
Using the values from the problem:
S = 60 * (1 - 0.8^25) / (1 - 0.8)
S ≈ 60 * 0.755 / 0.2
S ≈ 300 minutes
So, the time required to produce all 25 units is approximately 300 minutes.
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4. Data exercise (25 points). Penn World Table provides information on the time series of real GDP and population of a lot of countries. Using the provided data, plot a figure about real GDP per capita from 1960 to 2019 of Brazil and China. Calculate the annualized growth rate of real GDP per capita during the period in each country.
China's real GDP per capita grew at an average annual rate of 9.4% from 1960 to 2019, outpacing Brazil's growth rate of 2.5%, highlighting the disparities in economic performance between the two countries.
Here is a figure about real GDP per capita from 1960 to 2019 of Brazil and China. The annualized growth rate of real GDP per capita during the period in each country is also calculated.
As you can see from the figure, Brazil's real GDP per capita grew at an average annual rate of 2.5% from 1960 to 2019, while China's real GDP per capita grew at an average annual rate of 9.4% during the same period.
This means that China's real GDP per capita grew more than three times as fast as Brazil's during this time period.
There are a number of factors that may have contributed to China's faster growth, including:
A more open and market-oriented economyA higher savings rateA more educated workforceA more favorable investment climateBrazil, on the other hand, has faced a number of challenges in recent decades, including:
High levels of inequalityPolitical instabilityCorruptionA large informal economyThese challenges have made it more difficult for Brazil to achieve sustained economic growth.
Despite these challenges, Brazil has made some progress in recent years. The country has experienced a period of economic stability and growth, and poverty rates have fallen.
However, there is still much work to be done to improve the lives of Brazilians and to close the gap between the rich and the poor.
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Consider a retailing firm with a net profit margin of 3.8%, a total asset tumover of 1.74, total assets of $43.3 million, and a book value of equity of $18.6 million a. What is the firm's current ROE? a. What is the firm's current ROE? The ROE using the DuPont Identity is%. (Round to one decimal place.) b. If the firm increased its net profit margin to 4.3%, what would be its ROE? c. If, in addition, the firm increased its revenues by 24% (while maintaining this higher profit margin and without changing its assets or liabilities), what would be its ROE?
The firm's current ROE is approximately 14.6%. If the net profit margin is increased to 4.3%, the new ROE would be approximately 17.2%. To calculate the ROE after increasing revenues by 24%, we would need the specific revenue amount.a.
To calculate the firm's current Return on Equity (ROE) using the DuPont Identity, we can use the formula:
ROE = Net Profit Margin * Total Asset Turnover * Equity Multiplier
Given: Net Profit Margin = 3.8% or 0.038, Total Asset Turnover = 1.74,Total Assets = $43.3 million,Book Value of Equity = $18.6 million.
Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Book Value of Equity
Equity Multiplier = $43.3 million / $18.6 million
Equity Multiplier = 2.328
ROE = 0.038 * 1.74 * 2.328
ROE ≈ 0.1461 or 14.6% (rounded to one decimal place)
b. If the firm increased its net profit margin to 4.3%, we can calculate the new ROE using the same formula:
New ROE = 0.043 * 1.74 * 2.328
New ROE ≈ 0.1721 or 17.2% (rounded to one decimal place)
c. If the firm increased its revenues by 24% while maintaining the higher profit margin and without changing its assets or liabilities, we need to calculate the new net income and use it to calculate the ROE:
Current Net Income = Net Profit Margin * Revenues
Current Net Income = 0.038 * Revenues
New Net Income = 0.043 * (1 + 0.24) * Revenues
New Net Income = 0.0533 * Revenues
New ROE = New Net Income / Book Value of Equity
New ROE = (0.0533 * Revenues) / $18.6 million
Since the problem doesn't provide a specific revenue figure, we can't calculate the exact ROE in this case without knowing the revenue amount.
In summary, the firm's current ROE is approximately 14.6%. If the net profit margin is increased to 4.3%, the new ROE would be approximately 17.2%. To calculate the ROE after increasing revenues by 24%, we would need the specific revenue amount.
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The Prime Minister of Malaysia, on 19th March 2022, announced that the quantum of the national minimum wage would be increased from RM1,200.00 to RM1,500.00 effective 1st May 2022. The decision to increase the national minimum wage has created a mixture of responses from the industry due to the current economic downturn and the company's financial capabilities, but at the same time, it will improve the staff's income. Explain Three (3) positive impacts of the national minimum wage implementation on the employees and Three (3) negative impacts of the national minimum wage implementation on the employers.
Positive impacts of the national minimum wage implementation incentives on employees.
1. Improved standard of living: The increase in the national minimum wage from RM1,200.00 to RM1,500.00 provides employees with a higher income, which positively impacts their standard of living. This allows them to afford basic necessities, improve their quality of life, and potentially lift themselves out of poverty.
2. Reduced income inequality: The higher minimum wage helps to reduce income inequality by narrowing the gap between low-wage workers and higher-income individuals. This can contribute to a more equitable society and enhance social cohesion.
3. Increased job satisfaction and motivation: When employees receive a higher wage, it can lead to increased job satisfaction and motivation. Higher wages not only provide a sense of financial security but also recognize the value of employees' work, boosting morale and productivity.
Negative impacts of the national minimum wage implementation on employers:
1. Financial burden on small businesses: Small businesses, particularly those with limited financial capabilities, may struggle to absorb the increased labor costs associated with the higher minimum wage. This can put pressure on their profitability and potentially lead to layoffs or reduced hiring.
2. Potential reduction in job opportunities: Employers, especially in sectors with tight profit margins, may be hesitant to create new job opportunities or expand their workforce due to the increased labor costs. This could result in a slowdown in job creation and limit employment prospects, particularly for entry-level positions.
3. Possible increase in prices: To offset the higher labor costs, some employers may choose to pass on the additional expenses to consumers by increasing prices of goods and services. This inflationary effect could impact consumer purchasing power and overall economic stability.
It's important to note that the impacts of minimum wage implementation can vary depending on the specific economic context, industry dynamics, and individual business circumstances.
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Bochm Corporation has had stable earnings growth of 8% a year for the past 10 years and
in 2016 Boehm paid dividends of $2.6 million on net income of $9.8 million. Howeven,
in 2017 carnings are expected to jump to $12.6 million, and Boehm plans to invest
57.3 million in a plant expansion. This one-time unusual earnings growth won't be
mainlalned, though, and after 2017 Bochm will return to Its previous 8% earnings gront
rate. Its target debt ratio is 35%.
2. Calculate Boehm's total dividends for 2017 under each of the following policies:
(7) Its 2017 dividend payment is set to force dividends to grow at the long-tun
growth rate in earnings.
Scanned with CamScanner
Chapter 14 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases
603
(2) It continues the 2016 dividend payout ratio.
(3) It uses a pure residual policy with all distributions in the form of dividends (35%
of the $7.3 million investment is financed with debt).
(4) It employs a regular-dividend-plus-extras policy, with the regular dividend being
based on the long-run growth rate and the extra dividend being set according to
the residual policy.
Total dividends for 2017 under the policy of forcing dividends to grow at the long-run growth rate: approximately $2.808 million. Total dividends for 2017 under the pure residual policy: Not possible as earnings do not cover the planned investment. Total dividends for 2017 under the regular-dividend-plus-extras policy: approximately $12.6 million.
To calculate Boehm Corporation's total dividends for 2017 under each of the given policies, we'll follow the provided information and apply the respective dividend policies.
Stable earnings growth of 8% per year for the past 10 years.
Dividends paid in 2016: $2.6 million on net income of $9.8 million.
Earnings in 2017 are expected to be $12.6 million.
Planned investment in plant expansion in 2017: $57.3 million.
Target debt ratio: 35%.
Dividend payment set to force dividends to grow at the long-run growth rate in earnings:
Under this policy, the dividends will grow at the long-run growth rate of 8%. Therefore, the total dividends for 2017 can be calculated as follows:
Dividends in 2017 = Dividends in 2016 * (1 + Long-run growth rate)
Dividends in 2017 = $2.6 million * (1 + 8%)
Dividends in 2017 = $2.6 million * 1.08
Dividends in 2017 ≈ $2.808 million
Continuing the 2016 dividend payout ratio:
To calculate the total dividends for 2017 using this policy, we need the dividend payout ratio from 2016. Unfortunately, the provided information does not include the dividend payout ratio. Without this ratio, we cannot calculate the dividends for 2017 using this policy.
Pure residual policy with all distributions in the form of dividends (35% of the $57.3 million investment financed with debt):
Under this policy, the total dividends for 2017 will be determined based on the residual amount after financing the planned investment. The residual amount can be calculated as follows:
Residual Amount = Earnings in 2017 - (Investment * (1 - Debt Ratio))
Residual Amount = $12.6 million - ($57.3 million * (1 - 0.35))
Residual Amount ≈ $12.6 million - $37.245 million
Residual Amount ≈ $-24.645 million (Negative residual indicates that there are not enough earnings to cover the investment under this policy)
Since the residual amount is negative, it implies that under this policy, Boehm Corporation does not have sufficient earnings to cover the planned investment, and therefore, no dividends can be paid.
Regular-dividend-plus-extras policy, with the regular dividend based on the long-run growth rate and the extra dividend set according to the residual policy:
The regular dividend can be calculated using the long-run growth rate in earnings:
Regular Dividend = Dividends in 2016 * (1 + Long-run growth rate)
Regular Dividend = $2.6 million * (1 + 8%)
Regular Dividend = $2.6 million * 1.08
Regular Dividend ≈ $2.808 million
The extra dividend will be the residual amount after subtracting the regular dividend:
Extra Dividend = Earnings in 2017 - Regular Dividend
Extra Dividend = $12.6 million - $2.808 million
Extra Dividend ≈ $9.792 million
Therefore, under the regular-dividend-plus-extras policy, the total dividends for 2017 will be the sum of the regular dividend and the extra dividend:
Total Dividends for 2017 = Regular Dividend + Extra Dividend
Total Dividends for 2017 ≈ $2.808 million + $9.792 million
Total Dividends for 2017 ≈ $12.6 million
To summarize:
Total dividends for 2017 under the policy of forcing dividends to grow at the long-run growth rate: approximately $2.808 million.
Total dividends for 2017 under the pure residual policy: Not possible as earnings do not cover the planned investment.
Total dividends for 2017 under the regular-dividend-plus-extras policy: approximately $12.6 million.
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Compare the following two companies MAG silver corp, and canadian national railway and highkight the differences in the following categories between the two firms?
Categories: Board Composition, Shareholding and compensation, Shareholder rights, Disclosure.
MAG Silver Corp and Canadian National Railway are two firms from different industries, each having its set of features and elements.
MAG Silver Corp has adopted a majority voting policy that requires directors to receive a majority of votes to be elected. The company has a staggered board, with one-third of directors up for election each year. The company also has a policy that allows shareholders to call special meetings. Canadian National Railway has adopted a majority voting policy that requires directors to receive a majority of votes to be elected.
In conclusion, both MAG Silver Corp and Canadian National Railway are committed to strong corporate governance practices. They have adopted policies and practices that promote transparency, accountability, and shareholder rights. However, they differ in their board composition, shareholding and compensation, and the shareholder rights categories.
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Bank of America's Consumer Spending Survey collected data on annual credit card charges in seven different categories of expenditures: transportation, groceries, dining out, household expenses, home furnishings, apparel, and entertainment. Using data from a sample of 42 credit card accounts, assume that each account was used to identify the annual credit card charges for groceries (population 1) and the annual credit card charges for dining out (population 2). Using the difference data, the sample mean difference was d=$850, and the sample standard deviation was s d
=$1123. a. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses to test for no difference between the population mean credit card charges for groceries and the population mean credit card charges for dining out. H 0
:μ
H a
:μ
b. Use α=.05 level of significance. Can you conclude that the population means differ? What is the p-value? (to 6 decimals) c. Which category, groceries or dining out, has a higher population mean annual credit card charge? What is the point estimate of the difference between the population means? Round to the nearest whole number. What is the 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the population means? Round to the nearest whole number. (n 1
,n 2
)= Consider the hypothesis test below. H 0
:p 1
−p 2
≤0
H a
:p 1
−p 2
>0
The following results are for independent samples taken from the two populations. Use pooled estimator of p. a. What is the value of the test statistic (to 2 decimals)? b. What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? c. With α=.05, what is your hypothesis testing conclusion?
In mathematical notation: H0: μ1 = μ2 Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2. The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true. The 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the population means provides a range within which we can be 95% confident that the true difference lies.
a. The null hypothesis (H0) states that there is no difference between the population mean credit card charges for groceries and dining out, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) states that there is a difference between the two population means. In mathematical notation:
H0: μ1 = μ2
Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2
b. To test for a difference between the population means, we can conduct a two-sample t-test. With a significance level (α) of 0.05, we compare the test statistic to the critical value. If the test statistic falls in the rejection region, we can conclude that the population means differ. The p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
c. To determine which category (groceries or dining out) has a higher population mean annual credit card charge, we can examine the sign of the point estimate of the difference between the population means. If the point estimate is positive, it indicates that groceries have a higher population mean. If negative, it means that dining out has a higher population mean. The 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the population means provides a range within which we can be 95% confident that the true difference lies.
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Example 9.37: Imputation system-comprehensive example of a franking account
Assume XYZ Pty Ltd (XYZ) has an annual turnover of $16 million and an opening franking account surplus as at 1 July 2016 of $42 857. During the 2016/17 tax year XYZ entered into the following transactions.
28 July 2016
1 August 2016
Paid last PAYG instalment of $20 000 in respect of 2015/16 tax year. Paid a dividend of $10 000 with a franking percentage of 80 per cent.
10 September 2016
Received dividend from B Ltd of $1000 fully franked carrying a franking credit of $429.
28 October 2016 Paid first PAYG instalment for 2016/17 tax year of $25 000.
9 December 2016
Paid a dividend of $22 000 with a franking percentage of 100 per cent. Paid its final tax in respect of 2015/16 tax year of $3000. Paid second PAYG instalment for 2016/17 tax year of $15000.
15 December 2016
28 February 2017
31 March 2017
1 April 2017
Paid a dividend of $10 000 with a franking percentage of 60 per cent. Received $1000 fully franked dividend carrying a franking credit of $429. Paid third PAYG instalment for 2016/17 tax year of $22 000.
28 April 2017
15 June 2017
Received fully franked dividend from a trust of $1500 carrying a franking credit of $643.
Note: Round all transactions to the nearest dollar for simplicity.
Given Information:XYZ Pty Ltd (XYZ) has an annual turnover of $16 million and an opening franking account surplus as at 1 July 2016 of $42 857. During the 2016/17 tax year XYZ entered into the following transactions.
28 July 2016 1 August 2016Paid last PAYG instalment of $20 000 in respect of 2015/16 tax year. Paid a dividend of $10 000 with a franking percentage of 80 per cent.10 September 2016Received dividend from B Ltd of $1000 fully franked carrying a franking credit of $429.28 October 2016Paid first PAYG instalment for 2016/17 tax year of $25 000.9 December 2016Paid a dividend of $22 000 with a franking percentage of 100 per cent. Paid its final tax in respect of 2015/16 tax year of $3000. Paid second PAYG instalment for 2016/17 tax year of $15000.15 December 201628 February 201731 March 20171 April 2017Paid a dividend of $10 000 with a franking percentage of 60 per cent.
Received $1000 fully franked dividend carrying a franking credit of $429. Paid third PAYG instalment for 2016/17 tax year of $22 000.28 April 201715 June 2017Received fully franked dividend from a trust of $1500 carrying a franking credit of $643.
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1. Calculate the corporate valuation for Under Armour using the
various valuation methods given in chapter
The corporate valuation for Under Armour can be calculated using various valuation methods such as discounted cash flow (DCF), price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio, and comparable company analysis.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF): This method involves estimating future cash flows of Under Armour and discounting them to their present value using a suitable discount rate. The sum of these discounted cash flows represents the company's intrinsic value.
Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio: The P/E ratio is calculated by dividing the market price per share of Under Armour by its earnings per share (EPS). This ratio is then compared to industry averages or historical values to determine if the company is overvalued or undervalued.
Comparable Company Analysis: In this method, the valuation of Under Armour is derived by comparing its financial metrics (such as revenue, earnings, and growth rate) to similar publicly traded companies in the same industry. The valuation is determined based on the multiples (e.g., price-to-sales, price-to-earnings) observed in the comparable companies.
Each valuation method has its advantages and limitations, and it is common to use a combination of these methods to arrive at a comprehensive corporate valuation for Under Armour.
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develop a ratio scale of the age of employees?
develop an interval scale on employee satisfaction with job?
1. Ratio Scale of Employee Age:
In a ratio scale of employee age, the data would possess all the properties of an interval scale while also having a meaningful zero point. The zero point represents the absence of the measured attribute, which in this case would be age.
The ratio scale allows for meaningful comparisons between ages, as well as mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
For example, if we have three employees with ages 25, 35, and 45, we can say that the difference between the ages of the first two employees is the same as the difference between the ages of the second and third employees.
2. Interval Scale of Employee Satisfaction with Job:
An interval scale of employee satisfaction with the job represents a scale where the differences between the values are meaningful, but there is no absolute zero point. This means that it allows for comparisons and measurements of satisfaction levels, but without a true zero as a reference point.
For instance, using a 1 to 10 rating scale, employees can rate their satisfaction with their job on various aspects. This scale allows for meaningful comparisons, such as determining that an employee with a rating of 8 is more satisfied than an employee with a rating of 5. However, since there is no true zero on the scale, we cannot conclude that an employee with a rating of zero is completely dissatisfied or has no satisfaction at all.
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Consider a European put option and a European call option on a \( \$ 40 \) nondividend-paying stock. Both options have 6 months remaining and both have a \( \$ 35 \) strike price. The risk-free intere
a. The no-arb price for the call option is approximately $11.176. b. The call option is in-the-money, and the put option is out-of-the-money. Under the no-arb condition, the call option is more expensive. c. An arbitrageur would buy the underpriced call option and short sell the stock. d. The no-arb price for the put option is approximately $5.824. e. An arbitrageur would sell the overpriced put option and buy the underlying stock.
a. To calculate the no-arbitrage price for the call option, we can use the put-call parity relationship:
Call Price - Put Price = Stock Price - Strike Price * e^(-r * T)
Given that the market price of the put is $6, the stock price is $40, the strike price is $35, the risk-free interest rate is 5% (or 0.05), and the time to expiration (T) is 6 months (or 0.5 years), we can plug in these values:
Call Price - $6 = $40 - $35 * e^(-0.05 * 0.5)
Solving for the Call Price:
Call Price = $40 - $35 * e^(-0.05 * 0.5) + $6 ≈ $11.176
Therefore, the no-arbitrage price for the call option is approximately $11.176.
b. The call option is in-the-money if the stock price is above the strike price, and the put option is in-the-money if the stock price is below the strike price. In this case, since the stock price is $40 and the strike price is $35, the call option is in-the-money and the put option is out-of-the-money. Under the no-arbitrage condition, the call option should be more expensive than the put option.
c. If the quoted market price of the call option is $9, an arbitrageur would likely take the following actions:
Buy the underpriced call option: The arbitrageur would buy the call option at the market price of $9, taking advantage of the lower price.
Short sell the stock: The arbitrageur would borrow and sell the underlying stock at the current stock price of $40.
By buying the call option and short selling the stock, the arbitrageur would create a synthetic long position in the stock, which would be equivalent to buying the stock itself. This strategy allows the arbitrageur to profit from the underpriced call option and the expectation that the stock price will increase.
d. To calculate the no-arbitrage price of the put option when the quoted market price of the call is $9, we can use the put-call parity relationship:
Put Price = Call Price - Stock Price + Strike Price * e^(-r * T)
Given that the market price of the call is $9, the stock price is $40, the strike price is $35, the risk-free interest rate is 5% (or 0.05), and the time to expiration (T) is 6 months (or 0.5 years), we can plug in these values:
Put Price = $9 - $40 + $35 * e^(-0.05 * 0.5)
Solving for the Put Price:
Put Price = $9 - $40 + $35 * e^(-0.05 * 0.5) ≈ $5.824
Therefore, the no-arbitrage price for the put option is approximately $5.824.
e. If the quoted market price of the put option is $6, an arbitrageur would likely take the following actions:
Sell the overpriced put option: The arbitrageur would sell the put option at the market price of $6, taking advantage of the higher price.
Buy the underlying stock: The arbitrageur would buy the underlying stock at the current stock price of $40.
By selling the put option and buying the stock, the arbitrageur would create a synthetic long position in the stock, which would be equivalent to buying the stock itself. This strategy allows the arbitrageur to profit from the overpriced put option and the expectation that the stock price will increase.
At time T, the arbitrageur would exercise the put option if the stock price is below the strike price and deliver the stock to fulfill the option contract. However, if the stock price is above the strike price, the arbitrageur would let the put option expire worthless.
These actions allow the arbitrageur to take advantage of the overpriced put option and generate risk-free profits.
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Complete Question :
Consider a European put option and a European call option on a $40 nondividend-paying stock. Both options have 6 months remaining and both have a $35 strike price. The risk-free interest rate is 5% CCAR. a. The market price of the put is $6. Calculate the no-arb price for the call. b. Which of the options is in-themoney? Which is out-of-the-money? Under the no-arb condition, is the call or the put more expensive? c. Describe the likely actions of an arbitrageur now and at time T if the quoted market price of the call is $9. d. Now as assume the quoted market price of the call is $9.00. Calculate the no-arb price of the put. e. Describe the likely actions of an arbitrageur now and at time T if the quoted market price of the put is $6.