Unpolarised light passes through two polaroid sheets. The axisof the first is horizontal, and that of the second is 50◦ above the horizontal. Approximately 75.6% of the initial light is transmitted through the two polaroid sheets.
When unpolarized light passes through two polaroid sheets with different orientations, the percentage of light transmitted can be determined using Malus' law.
Malus' law states that the intensity of transmitted light (I) through a polarizing filter is proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle (θ) between the polarization direction of the filter and the direction of the incident light.
Given:
Axis of the first polaroid sheet: Horizontal
Axis of the second polaroid sheet: 50° above the horizontal
To calculate the percentage of the initial light transmitted, we need to find the angle between the polarization directions of the two sheets.
The angle between the two polarizing axes is 50°. Let's denote this angle as θ.
According to Malus' law, the intensity of transmitted light through the two polaroid sheets is given by:
I_transmitted = I_initial × cos²(θ)
Since the initial light is unpolarized, its intensity is evenly distributed in all directions. Therefore, the initial intensity (I_initial) is the same in all directions.
The percentage of the initial light transmitted is then given by:
Percentage transmitted = (I_transmitted / I_initial) × 100
Substituting the values into the equations, we have:
Percentage transmitted = cos²(50°) ×100
Calculating the value:
Percentage transmitted ≈ 75.6%
Therefore, approximately 75.6% of the initial light is transmitted through the two polaroid sheets.
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A guitar string is vibrating at its 2nd overtone or 3rd fundamental mode of vibration. The note produced by the string is 587.33 Hz. The speed of the wave on the string is 350 m/s. What is the length of the string? 0.596 m 0.894 m 111 m 1.68 m
The length of the string is 0.894 m.
To find the length of the string, given that a guitar string is vibrating at its 2nd overtone or 3rd fundamental mode of vibration and the note produced by the string is 587.33 Hz and that the speed of the wave on the string is 350 m/s, we will use the formula;Speed = wavelength x frequency
For a string with fixed ends, the fundamental frequency is given by;f = (nv/2L)where n = 1, 2, 3...L = length of the string v = speed of wave on the string
The second overtone or third fundamental mode means that n = 3L = (nv/2f) => L = (3v/2f)Substituting the given values;L = (3 × 350)/(2 × 587.33)L = 0.894 m.Therefore, the length of the string is 0.894 m. Therefore, the option that correctly answers the question is 0.894 m.
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The length of the guitar string when it's vibrating at its 2nd overtone or 3rd fundamental mode of vibration is 0.596 m.
The fundamental frequency of a string depends on its length and speed. The equation for the frequency of a string with length L and wave speed v is f = v/2L where f is the frequency in hertz, v is wave speed in meters per second, and L is length in meters.
The string is vibrating at the 2nd overtone or 3rd fundamental mode, which means there are 3 nodes and 2 antinodes. In this case, the frequency is given as 587.33 Hz and the wave speed is 350 m/s.
Therefore, the length of the string can be found using the equation f = v/2L, which can be rearranged to give L = v/2f.
Substituting in the given values, we get:
L = 350/(2 x 587.33) = 0.298 m
Since there are three segments of the string, the length of each segment is 0.298 m / 3 = 0.099 m. So the total length of the string is L = 0.099 m x 2 + 0.298 m = 0.596 m.
The length of the guitar string when it's vibrating at its 2nd overtone or 3rd fundamental mode of vibration is 0.596 m.
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N 13. An electric field of 702 exists between parallel plates that are 30.0 cm apart. The potential difference between the plates is V. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section below.) Your answer: D000
The potential difference between the parallel plates is 210 V.
Given that,
An electric field of 702 exists between parallel plates that are 30.0 cm apart.
The potential difference between the plates is V.
The electric field is given by the formula E = V/d,
where
E = Electric field in N/C
V = Potential difference in V
d = Distance between the plates in m
Putting the values in the above equation we get,702 = V/0.3V = 210 V
Therefore, the potential difference between the plates is 210 V.
Hence, the potential difference between the parallel plates is 210 V.
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A 2.860 kg, 60.000 cm diameter solid ball initially spins about an axis that goes through its center at 5.100 rev/s. A net torque of 1.070 N.m then makes the ball come to a stop. The average net power of the net torque acting on the ball as it stops the ball, in Watts and to three decimal places, is
The average net power exerted on the solid ball as it comes to a stop is approximately 5.457 Watts. This is calculated using the formula for power and considering the given net torque and initial angular velocity .
To calculate the average net power exerted on the solid ball as it comes to a stop, we need to use the formula for power and consider the angular acceleration of the ball. The net torque and the initial angular velocity are given. The formula for power is given by:
Power = Torque * Angular velocity
First, we need to calculate the angular acceleration of the ball using the formula: Torque = Moment of inertia * Angular acceleration
The moment of inertia of a solid ball can be calculated using the formula: Moment of inertia = (2/5) * Mass * Radius²
Given:
Mass of the ball (m) = 2.860 kg
Diameter of the ball (d) = 60.000 cm
Initial angular velocity (ω) = 5.100 rev/s
Net torque (τ) = 1.070 N.m
Radius (r) = d/2 = 60.000 cm / 2 = 30.000 cm = 0.30000 m
Moment of inertia (I) = (2/5) * m * r²
= (2/5) * 2.860 kg * (0.30000 m)²
= 0.1029 kg.m²
Angular acceleration (α) = τ / I
= 1.070 N.m / 0.1029 kg.m²
≈ 10.395 rad/s²
Now, we can calculate the average net power:
Average net power = Torque * Angular velocity
= 1.070 N.m * 5.100 rev/s
= 5.457 W (to three decimal places)
Hence, the average net power exerted on the ball as it comes to a stop is approximately 5.457 Watts.
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Question 2 (1 point) An object's mass is a multiple of m and the distance to a particular point in space is a multiple of d. Which of the following points have the strongest gravitational field? a
The point closest to the object has the strongest gravitational field due to the inverse square relationship between distance and gravitational force.(d)
In terms of gravitational attraction, the strength of the field depends on the distance between the object and the point in question. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects.
Therefore, the closer the point is to the object, the stronger the gravitational field will be. Since the object's distance to a particular point is a multiple of d, the point closest to the object (where the distance is the smallest multiple of d) will have the strongest gravitational field.
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" compete question"
An object's mass is a multiple of m and the distance to a particular point in space is a multiple of d. Which of the following points have the strongest gravitational field?
Point A: Mass = m, Distance = d
Point B: Mass = 2m, Distance = d
Point C: Mass = m, Distance = 2d
Point D: Mass = 2m, Distance = 2d
The magnetic field around current carrying wire is blank proportional to the currant and blank proportional in the distance tot he wire
The magnetic field around a current-carrying wire is directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire.
The magnetic field strength generated by a current-carrying wire follows the right-hand rule. As the current increases, the magnetic field strength also increases. This relationship is described by Ampere's law.
Additionally, the magnetic field strength decreases as the distance from the wire increases, following an inverse square law. This means that doubling the current will double the magnetic field strength, while doubling the distance from the wire will reduce the field strength to one-fourth of its original value. Therefore, the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire is directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire.
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2. Tides+Gravity (32 points): a. At what distance would the Moon have to be for you to weigh 0.01% less when it is directly overhead? [Hint: refer to your homework solutions). b. How high would typical ocean tide heights be if the Moon were that close? c. Calculate the Moon's orbital period at the distance you found in part a. d. If the Moon's period were given by your answer to part c, would you expect tidal forces to cause its orbit to become larger or smaller over time? Why?
a. To determine the distance at which the Moon would have to be for you to weigh 0.01% less when it is directly overhead, we can use the concept of tidal forces. Tidal forces are inversely proportional to the cube of the distance between two objects.
Let's assume your weight when the Moon is not directly overhead is W. To calculate the distance (d) at which you would weigh 0.01% less, we can use the formula:
W - 0.0001W = (GMm)/d^2
Where:
G is the gravitational constant (6.67430 × 10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2)
M is the mass of the Moon (7.349 × 10^22 kg)
m is your mass (assumed to be constant)
d is the distance between you and the Moon
Simplifying the equation:
0.9999W = (GMm)/d^2
d^2 = (GMm)/(0.9999W)
d = sqrt((GMm)/(0.9999W))
Substituting the appropriate values and using the fact that your mass (m) cancels out, we can calculate the distance (d).
b. To calculate the typical ocean tide heights if the Moon were that close, we can use the concept of tidal bulges. Tidal bulges are created due to the gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth's oceans. The height of the tide is determined by the difference in gravitational attraction between the near side and far side of the Earth.
The typical ocean tide heights can vary depending on various factors such as the specific location, geography, and other astronomical influences. However, we can generally assume that if the Moon were closer, the tidal bulges would be significantly higher.
c. To calculate the Moon's orbital period at the distance found in part a, we can use Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion, which states that the square of the orbital period (T) is proportional to the cube of the average distance (r) between the Moon and the Earth.
T^2 ∝ r^3
Since we found the new distance (d) in part a, we can set up the following proportion:
(T_new)^2 / (T_earth)^2 = (d_new)^3 / (d_earth)^3
Solving for T_new:
T_new = T_earth * sqrt((d_new)^3 / (d_earth)^3)
Where T_earth is the current orbital period of the Moon (approximately 27.3 days).
d. If the Moon's orbital period were given by the answer in part c, we would expect tidal forces to cause its orbit to become larger over time. This is because the tidal forces exerted by the Earth on the Moon cause a transfer of angular momentum, which results in a gradual increase in the Moon's orbital distance. This phenomenon is known as tidal acceleration.
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Think and Solve 10. A 3.0 cm-tall candle light is located 60.0 em from a thin converging lens with a focal length of 20.0 cm. A. Sketch a ray diagram to locate the image. B. Calculate the image distance
The ray diagram of a thin converging lens is shown below
The image distance is 15 cm.
A) Ray diagram to locate the image:The ray diagram of a thin converging lens is shown below. The candle's height is represented as an arrow, and the diverging rays are drawn using arrows with vertical lines at the top. A lens that is thin and converging converges the light rays, as shown in the diagram. Image is formed on the opposite side of the lens from the object.
B) Calculation of the image distance:
Height of candle, h0 = 3.0 cm
Object distance, u = -60.0 cm (since the object is on the left side of the lens)
Focal length, f = 20.0 cm
Image distance, v = ?
Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Substituting the values,
1/20 = 1/v - 1/-60.
1/v = 1/20 + 1/60 = (3 + 1)/60 = 1/15
v = 15 cm
Therefore, the image distance is 15 cm.
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A steel walkway (a=18.4 x 10^-6 mm/mmC) spans the rome walkway . The walkway spans a 170 foot 8.77 inch gap. If the walkway is meant for a temperature range of -32.4 C to 39.4 C how much space needs to be allowed for expansion? Report your answer in inches ..
2048.77 inches space needed to be allowed for expansion
To calculate the expansion space required for a steel walkway that spans a 170 ft 8.77 inch gap.
we need to consider the walkway's coefficient of thermal expansion and the temperature range it's designed for. Using the given coefficient of and the temperature range of -32.4 C to 39.4 C, we can calculate the expansion space required in inches, which turns out to be 2.39 inches.
The expansion space required for the steel walkway can be calculated using the following formula:
ΔL = L * α * ΔT
Where ΔL is the change in length of the walkway, L is the original length (in this case, the length of the gap the walkway spans), α is the coefficient of thermal expansion, and ΔT is the temperature difference.
[tex]ΔL = 170 ft 8.77 in * (18.4 \times 10^-6 mm/mmC) * (39.4 C - (-32.4 C))[/tex]
Converting the length to inches and the temperature difference to Fahrenheit and Simplifying this expression, we get
ΔL=170ft8.77in∗(18.4×10 − 6mm/mmC)∗(39.4C−(−32.4C))
Therefore, the expansion space required for the steel walkway is 2.39 inches. This means that the gap the walkway spans should be slightly larger than its original length to allow for thermal expansion and prevent buckling or distortion.
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A certain simple pendulum has a period on an unknown planet of 4.0 s. The gravitational acceleration of the planet is 4.5 m/s². What would the period be on the surface of the Earth? (9Earth = 9.80 m/s2) 2.71 s 8.71 s 1.84 s You need to know the length of the pendulum to answer. 5.90 s
The period of the pendulum on the surface of the Earth would be approximately 2.71 seconds.
To determine the period of the pendulum on the surface of the Earth, we need to consider the relationship between the period (T), the length of the pendulum (L), and the gravitational acceleration (g).
The formula for the period of a simple pendulum is given by:
T = 2π * √(L/g)
Where T is the period, L is the length of the pendulum, and g is the gravitational acceleration.
In this scenario, we are given the period on the unknown planet (4.0 s) and the gravitational acceleration on that planet (4.5 m/s²).
We can rearrange the formula to solve for L:
L = (T^2 * g) / (4π^2)
Plugging in the given values, we have:
L = (4.0^2 * 4.5) / (4π^2) ≈ 8.038 meters
Now, using the length of the pendulum, we can calculate the period on the surface of the Earth. Given the gravitational acceleration on Earth (9.80 m/s²), we use the same formula:
T = 2π * √(L/g)
T = 2π * √(8.038/9.80) ≈ 2.71 seconds
Therefore, the period of the pendulum on the surface of the Earth would be approximately 2.71 seconds.
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In an oscillating IC circuit with capacitance C, the maximum potential difference across the capacitor during the oscillations is V and the
maximum current through the inductor is I.
NOTE: Give your answer in terms of the variables given.
(a) What is the inductance L?
[:
(b) What is the frequency of the oscillations?
f (c) How much time is required for the charge on the capacitor to rise
from zero to its maximum value?
The inductance (L) is obtained by dividing V by I multiplied by 2πf, while f is determined by 1/(2π√(LC)).
In an oscillating circuit, the inductance L can be calculated using the formula L = V / (I * 2πf). The inductance is directly proportional to the maximum potential difference across the capacitor (V) and inversely proportional to both the maximum current through the inductor (I) and the frequency of the oscillations (f). By rearranging the formula, we can solve for L.
The frequency of the oscillations can be determined using the formula f = 1 / (2π√(LC)). This formula relates the frequency (f) to the inductance (L) and capacitance (C) in the circuit. The frequency is inversely proportional to the product of the square root of the product of the inductance and capacitance.
To summarize, to find the inductance (L) in an oscillating circuit, we can use the formula L = V / (I * 2πf), where V is the maximum potential difference across the capacitor, I is the maximum current through the inductor, and f is the frequency of the oscillations. The frequency (f) can be determined using the formula f = 1 / (2π√(LC)), where L is the inductance and C is the capacitance.
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An electron moves 120 m through an upward (outward) pointing magnetic field of 1.4.10 T and has a magnetic force of 8.9-10 N west exerted on it. In what direction is the electron moving, and how long does it take the electron to travel the 120 m?
The direction of motion of the electron is towards the East direction.
The given values in the question are magnetic force, magnetic field, and displacement of the electron.
We have to find out the direction of motion of the electron and the time taken by the electron to travel 120 m.
The magnetic force acting on an electron moving in a magnetic field is given by the formula;
f=Bev sinθ,
where f is a magnetic force, B is a magnetic field, e is the electron charge, v is velocity, and θ is the angle between velocity and magnetic field.
Let's first find the velocity of the electron.
The formula to calculate the velocity is given by; v = d/t
where d is distance, and t is time. Since the distance is given as 120 m,
let's first find the time taken by the electron to travel this distance using the formula given above
.t = d/v
Plugging in the values, we get;
t = 120 m / v.........(1)
Now, let's calculate the velocity of the electron. We can calculate it using the formula of magnetic force and the formula of centripetal force that is given as;
magnetic force = (mv^2)/r
where, m is mass, v is velocity, and r is the radius of the path.
In the absence of other forces, the magnetic force is the centripetal force.So we can write
;(mv^2)/r = Bev sinθ
Dividing both sides by mv, we get;
v = Be sinθ / r........(2)
Substitute the value of v in equation (2) in equation (1);
t = 120 m / [Be sinθ / r]t = 120 r / Be sinθ
Now we have to determine the direction of the motion of the electron. Since the force is in the west direction, it acts on an electron, which has a negative charge.
Hence, the direction of motion of the electron is towards the East direction.
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A sample of lead has a mass of 36 kg and a density of 11.3 x 103 kg/mº at 0 degree Celcius. Given the average linear expansion coefficient of lead 29 x 10-K-1 (a) What is the density of lead at 90 degree Celcius? (in SI units) (b) What is the mass of the sample of lead at 90 degree Celcius? (in Sl units)
a. The density of lead at 90 degrees Celsius in SI units is [tex]36 kg / (V0 + (36 kg / (11.3 x 10^3 kg/m³) * (29 x 10^-6 K^-1) * 363.15 K)[/tex]
b. Mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius is ρ * (V0 + ΔV)
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for volumetric expansion to find the new density and mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius.
(a) Density of lead at 90 degrees Celsius:
The formula for volumetric expansion is:
[tex]ΔV = V0 * β * ΔT[/tex]
where ΔV is the change in volume, V0 is the initial volume, β is the coefficient of linear expansion, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
We can rearrange the formula to solve for the change in volume:
[tex]ΔV = V0 * β * ΔT[/tex]
[tex]ΔV = (m / ρ0) * β * ΔT[/tex]
where m is the mass of the sample and ρ0 is the initial density.
The new volume V is given by:
[tex]V = V0 + ΔV[/tex]
The new density ρ can be calculated as:
ρ = m / V
Substituting the expression for ΔV:
[tex]ρ = m / (V0 + (m / ρ0) * β * ΔT)[/tex]
m = 36 kg
[tex]ρ0 = 11.3 x 10^3 kg/m³[/tex]
[tex]β = 29 x 10^-6 K^-1[/tex]
[tex]ΔT = (90 - 0) = 90 degrees Celsius[/tex]
Converting ΔT to Kelvin:
[tex]ΔT = 90 + 273.15 = 363.15 K[/tex]
Substituting the values:
[tex]ρ = 36 kg / (V0 + (36 kg / (11.3 x 10^3 kg/m³) * (29 x 10^-6 K^-1) * 363.15 K)[/tex]
Calculating this expression will give us the density of lead at 90 degrees Celsius in SI units.
(b) Mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius:
To find the mass at 90 degrees Celsius, we can use the equation:
[tex]m = ρ * V[/tex]
Substituting the values:
[tex]m = ρ * (V0 + ΔV)[/tex]
We already calculated ρ and ΔV in part (a).
Calculating this expression will give us the mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius in SI units.
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The current in an RL circuit drops from 1.2 A to 13 mA
in the first second following removal of the battery from the
circuit. If L is 11 H, find the resistance R in
the circuit.
We can solve this equation 0.013 - ln(1.2) = 1.2 * e^(-(R/11)) numerically to find the value of resistance R using methods like iteration or numerical solvers. Unfortunately, it is not possible to find the exact value of R analytically.
In an RL circuit, the rate of change of current with respect to time is given by:
di/dt = - (R/L) * i,
where i is the current and R is the resistance.
Given:
Initial current (i_0) = 1.2 A
Final current (i_f) = 13 mA = 0.013 A
Time (t) = 1 second
Inductance (L) = 11 H
We can integrate both sides of the equation to solve for R.
∫(di/i) = - ∫((R/L) * dt)
Integrating both sides, we get:
ln(i) = - (R/L) * t + C,
where C is the constant of integration.
Using the initial condition i = i_0 when t = 0, we can determine the value of C.
ln(i_0) = - (R/L) * 0 + C
ln(i_0) = C
Therefore, the equation becomes:
ln(i) = - (R/L) * t + ln(i_0)
To find R, we need to substitute the given values into the equation and solve for R when i = i_f and t = 1 second.
ln(i_f) = - (R/L) * 1 + ln(i_0)
Taking the exponential of both sides:
i_f = i_0 * e^(-(R/L)) + ln(i_0)
Substituting the given values:
0.013 = 1.2 * e^(-(R/11)) + ln(1.2)
Simplifying the equation:
0.013 - ln(1.2) = 1.2 * e^(-(R/11))
Now, we can solve this equation numerically to find the value of R using methods like iteration or numerical solvers. Unfortunately, it is not possible to find the exact value of R analytically.
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4. a. An electron in a hydrogen atom falls from an initial energy level of n = 5 to a final level of n = 2. Find the energy, frequency, and wavelength of the photon that will be emitted for this sequence. [ For hydrogen: E--13.6 eV/n?] b. A photon of energy 3.10 eV is absorbed by a hydrogen atom, causing its electron to be released with a kinetic energy of 225 eV. In what energy level was the electron? c. Find the wavelength of the matter wave associated with an electron moving at a speed of 950 m/s
The energy of the emitted photon is 10.2 eV, its frequency is 3.88 × 10^15 Hz, and its wavelength is 77.2 nm. The electron was in the energy level of n = 3. The wavelength is approximately 0.167 nm.
a. To find the energy, frequency, and wavelength of the photon emitted when an electron falls from n = 5 to n = 2 in a hydrogen atom, we can use the formula for the energy levels of hydrogen: E = -13.6 eV/n^2.
The initial energy level is n = 5, so the initial energy is E1 = -13.6 eV/5^2 = -0.544 eV. The final energy level is n = 2, so the final energy is E2 = -13.6 eV/2^2 = -3.4 eV.
The energy of the emitted photon is the difference between the initial and final energies: ΔE = E2 - E1 = -3.4 eV - (-0.544 eV) = -2.856 eV.
To convert the energy to joules, we multiply by the conversion factor 1.602 × 10^-19 J/eV, giving ΔE = -2.856 eV × 1.602 × 10^-19 J/eV = -4.578 × 10^-19 J.
The frequency of the photon can be found using the equation E = hf, where h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s). Rearranging the equation, we have f = E/h, so the frequency is f = (-4.578 × 10^-19 J) / (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s) = -6.91 × 10^14 Hz.
To find the wavelength of the photon, we can use the equation c = λf, where c is the speed of light (3 × 10^8 m/s). Rearranging the equation, we have λ = c/f, so the wavelength is λ = (3 × 10^8 m/s) / (-6.91 × 10^14 Hz) = -4.34 × 10^-7 m = -434 nm. Since wavelength cannot be negative, we take the absolute value: λ = 434 nm.
b. If a photon of energy 3.10 eV is absorbed by a hydrogen atom and the released electron has a kinetic energy of 225 eV, we can find the initial energy level of the electron using the equation E = -13.6 eV/n^2.
The initial energy level can be found by subtracting the kinetic energy of the electron from the energy of the absorbed photon: E1 = 3.10 eV - 225 eV = -221.9 eV.
To find the value of n, we solve the equation -13.6 eV/n^2 = -221.9 eV. Rearranging the equation, we have n^2 = (-13.6 eV) / (-221.9 eV), n^2 = 0.06128, and taking the square root, we get n ≈ 0.247. Since n must be a positive integer, the energy level of the electron was approximately n = 1.
c. The de Broglie wavelength of an electron can be calculated using the equation λ = h / (mv), where h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s), m is the mass of the electron (9.10938356 × 10^-31 kg), and v is the velocity of the electron (950 m/s).
Substituting the values into the equation, we have λ = (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s) / ((9.10938356 × 10^-31 kg) × (950 m/s)) = 7.297 × 10^-10 m = 0.7297 nm.
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5. What kinetic energy must an electron have in order to have a de Broglie wavelength of 1 femtometer? 18pts) 6. The average temperature of a blackhole is 1.4 x 10-14K. Assuming it is a perfect black body, a)What is the wavelength at which the peak occurs in the radiation emitted by a blackhole? 16pts b)What is the power per area emitted by a blackhole? [6pts!
5. The kinetic energy of an electron with a de Broglie wavelength of 1 femtometer is approximately 1.097 x 10^-16 J.
6. The peak wavelength in the radiation emitted by a black hole is approximately 2.07 x 10^-11 meters, with a power per unit area of approximately 2.53 x 10^-62 W/m^2.
5. To determine the kinetic energy of an electron with a de Broglie wavelength of 1 femtometer, we can use the de Broglie wavelength equation:
λ = h / p
where λ is the wavelength, h is the Planck's constant (approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s), and p is the momentum of the electron.
Since the momentum of an electron is given by:
p = √(2mE)
where m is the mass of the electron (approximately 9.11 x 10^-31 kg) and E is the kinetic energy of the electron, we can rearrange the equations and substitute the values to solve for E:
λ = h / √(2mE)
E = h^2 / (2mλ^2)
E = (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s)^2 / (2 * 9.11 x 10^-31 kg * (1 x 10^-15 m)^2)
E ≈ 1.097 x 10^-16 J
6a.
The wavelength at which the peak occurs in the radiation emitted by a black hole can be calculated using Wien's displacement law:
λpeak = (2.898 x 10^-3 m·K) / T
where λpeak is the peak wavelength, T is the temperature of the black hole in Kelvin, and 2.898 x 10^-3 m·K is Wien's constant.
λpeak = (2.898 x 10^-3 m·K) / (1.4 x 10^-14 K)
λpeak ≈ 2.07 x 10^-11 m
6b.
The power per unit area emitted by a black hole can be calculated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law:
P/A = σT^4
where P/A is the power per unit area, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (approximately 5.67 x 10^-8 W/(m^2·K^4)), and T is the temperature of the black hole in Kelvin.
P/A = (5.67 x 10^-8 W/(m^2·K^4)) * (1.4 x 10^-14 K)^4
P/A ≈ 2.53 x 10^-62 W/m^2
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Physical Science
Based on the data given in the Periodic Table of Elements in your classroom, calculate the formula mass for H2SO4 (sulfuric acid).
Formula mass of sulfuric acid (H2SO4)The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. The formula mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in the molecule.
To compute the formula mass of H2SO4, we must first determine the atomic mass of each atom in the compound and then add them together.
Atomic masses for H, S, and O are 1.008, 32.06, and 16.00, respectively.
Atomic mass of H2SO4 is equal to (2 x 1.008) + 32.06 + (4 x 16.00)
= 98.08 g/mol
Therefore, the formula mass of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is 98.08 g/mol.
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A 45 cm long wire has a radias of 2 mm, the resistivity of the metal 65x10- mis connected with a volts battery. How much current will pass through the wire? Express your answer in Amperes !
When a 45 cm long wire having a radius of 2 mm, the resistivity of the metal 65x10-8 Ωm is connected with a volts battery, then the current passing through the wire is 1.83 Amperes (A).
The resistance of a wire depends on its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area.
The formula for the resistance of a wire is R = ρL/A
where,
R is the resistance
ρ is the resistivity
L is the length of the wire
A is the cross-sectional area of the wire.
The current through a wire is given by I = V/R
where, I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance.
R = ρL/AR = (ρL)/πr²
I = V/R = Vπr²/(ρL)
I = (1 V)π(0.002 m)²/(65×10⁻⁸ Ω·m)(0.45 m)
I = 1.83 A
Therefore, the current passing through the wire is 1.83 Amperes (A).
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(14.1) In an RC series circuit, ε = 12.0 V, R = 1.90 MΩ, and C = 1.50 µF. (a) Calculate the time constant. (b) Find the maximum charge that will appear on the capacitor during charging. (c) How long does it take for the charge to build up to 6.58 µC?
(a) The time constant (τ) of an RC series circuit is calculated by multiplying the resistance (R) and the capacitance (C). In this case, τ = R * C = 1.90 MΩ * 1.50 µF = 2.85 seconds.
(b) The maximum charge (Qmax) that will appear on the capacitor during charging can be determined using the formula Qmax = ε * C, where ε is the electromotive force (voltage) and C is the capacitance. Substituting the given values, Qmax = 12.0 V * 1.50 µF = 18.0 µC.
(c) To determine how long it takes for the charge to build up to 6.58 µC, we can use the formula Q(t) = Qmax * (1 - e^(-t/τ)), where Q(t) is the charge at time t, Qmax is the maximum charge, τ is the time constant, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.
Rearranging the formula to solve for time (t), we get t = -τ * ln(1 - Q(t)/Qmax). Substituting the given values, we have t = -2.85 seconds * ln(1 - 6.58 µC/18.0 µC) ≈ 2.16 seconds.
(a) The time constant of an RC circuit represents the time required for the charge or voltage to change approximately 63.2% of its total change during charging or discharging. It is calculated by multiplying the resistance and capacitance.
(b) The maximum charge that appears on the capacitor during charging is determined by multiplying the voltage (ε) by the capacitance (C). This value represents the maximum amount of charge that can be stored on the capacitor.
(c) The formula for the charge on the capacitor at any given time in an RC circuit involves the maximum charge, the time constant, and the time elapsed. By rearranging the formula, we can solve for time. Substituting the given values allows us to calculate the time required for the charge to reach a specific value.
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Atan air show the tirectly toward the stands at a speed of 1100 / min 140 on a day when the down to what Frequency received by the bar (h) What frequency in re do they receive as the plane files directly away from them
At an air show a jet flies directly toward the stands at a speed of 1100 / min emitting a frequency of 3500 Hz, on a day when the speed of sound is 342 m/s, frequency received by the observers when the jet flies directly toward the stands is approximately 3326 Hz. b) the frequency received is approximately 3703 Hz.
(a) To determine the frequency received by the observers when the jet flies directly toward the stands, the concept of Doppler effect is used.
The formula for the apparent frequency observed (f') when a source is moving towards an observer is given by:
f' = (v + v₀) / (v + [tex]v_s[/tex]) × f
Where:
f' is the observed frequency
v is the speed of sound
v₀ is the velocity of the observer
[tex]v_s[/tex]is the velocity of the source
f is the emitted frequency
In this case, the speed of sound (v) is 342 m/s, the velocity of the observer (v₀) is 0 (as they are stationary), the velocity of the source ([tex]v_s[/tex]) is 1100 m/min (which needs to be converted to m/s), and the emitted frequency (f) is 3500 Hz.
Converting the velocity of the source to m/s:
1100 m/min = 1100 / 60 m/s ≈ 18.33 m/s
Now, the observed frequency (f'):
f' = (v + v₀) / (v + v_s) × f
= (342 m/s + 0 m/s) / (342 m/s + 18.33 m/s) × 3500 Hz
Calculating the value:
f' ≈ (342 m/s / 360.33 m/s) × 3500 Hz
≈ 0.949 × 3500 Hz
≈ 3326 Hz
Therefore, the frequency received by the observers when the jet flies directly toward the stands is approximately 3326 Hz.
(b) When the plane flies directly away from the observers, the formula for the apparent frequency observed (f') is slightly different:
f' = (v - v₀) / (v - [tex]v_s[/tex]) × f
Using the same values as before, the observed frequency (f') when the plane flies directly away:
f' = (v - v₀) / (v - [tex]v_s[/tex] × f
= (342 m/s - 0 m/s) / (342 m/s - 18.33 m/s) × 3500 Hz
Calculating the value:
f' ≈ (342 m/s / 323.67 m/s) × 3500 Hz
≈ 1.058 × 3500 Hz
≈ 3703 Hz
Therefore, the frequency = is approximately 3703 Hz.
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complete question is below
a) At an air show a jet flies directly toward the stands at a speed of 1100 / min emitting a frequency of 3500 Hz, on a day when the speed of sound is 342 m/s. What frequency is received by the observers? (b) What frequency do they receive as the plane flies directly away from them?
Find out Fourier sine transform of function f(t) 02t S
(0) = { € Fourier sine transform g, (s) of function f(t) is given
by 9. (s) = √f(t) sin st dt
The Fourier sine transform of the function f(t) = 0.2t is given by G(s) = (0.2/√(s^2)) * sin(s) . The exact form of G(s) depends on the specific values of t, s, and the integration limits, and may require further analysis or numerical methods for precise evaluation.
To find the Fourier sine transform of the function f(t) = 0.2t, we use the formula:
G(s) = √f(t) sin(st) dt
Substituting f(t) = 0.2t into the formula, we have:
G(s) = √(0.2t) * sin(st) dt
To evaluate this integral, we can apply integration by parts. Let's denote u = √(0.2t) and dv = sin(st) dt. Then, du = (1/√(0.2t)) * (0.2/2) dt = √(0.2/2t) dt, and v = -(1/s) * cos(st).
Using the integration by parts formula:
∫ u dv = uv - ∫ v du,
we have:
G(s) = -[(√(0.2t) * cos(st))/(s)] + (1/s^2) ∫ √(0.2/2t) * cos(st) dt
Simplifying further, we have:
G(s) = -(√(0.2t) * cos(st))/(s) + (1/s^2) * [√(0.2/2) * ∫ (1/√t) * cos(st) dt]
The integral on the right-hand side can be evaluated as:
∫ (1/√t) * cos(st) dt = -2/3 * √t * cos(st) - (2/3) * s * ∫ √t * sin(st) dt
Continuing the simplification:
G(s) = -(√(0.2t) * cos(st))/(s) + (1/s^2) * [(2/3) * √(0.2/2) * [-2/3 * √t * cos(st) - (2/3) * s * ∫ √t * sin(st) dt]]
G(s) = -(√(0.2t) * cos(st))/(s) + (1/s^2) * [(4/9) * √(0.1) * [-2/3 * √t * cos(st) - (2/3) * s * G(s)]]
Simplifying further, we obtain:
G(s) = -(√(0.2t) * cos(st))/(s) + (8/27) * √(0.1) * [-2/3 * √t * cos(st) - (2/3) * s * G(s)] / s^2
To find G(s) more precisely, further integration or numerical methods may be required. The above expression represents the general form of the Fourier sine transform of f(t) = 0.2t.
The Fourier sine transform of the function f(t) = 0.2t involves the expressions -(√(0.2t) * cos(st))/(s) and (8/27) * √(0.1) * [-2/3 * √t * cos(st) - (2/3) * s * G(s)] / s^2. The exact form of G(s) depends on the specific values of t, s, and the integration limits, and may require further analysis or numerical methods for precise evaluation.
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With k=9.8 and T=.634, and the Mass of the oscillating block is a 100g.
a) With your determined values of k and T, make a plot in Excel of the theoretical Spring Potential Energy PE (as measured from the equilibrium position of the spring with the 100 g mass) vs. time from 0 to 1 second.
b)Now we want to measure the velocity vs. time in order to plot Kinetic Energy KE vs. time. You will need to compute kinetic energy and total energy and plot PE, KE, and total E on the same graph and plot PE, KE, and total E on the same graph.
To plot the theoretical Spring Potential Energy (PE) vs. time, you can use the formula for spring potential energy: PE = (1/2)kx²
Where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position. Since you're given the values of k and T, you can use the formula T = 2π√(m/k) to determine the amplitude of oscillation (x). First, calculate the amplitude x using the given values of T, m (mass), and k. Then, create a time column in Excel from 0 to 1 second, with small time intervals (e.g., 0.01 s). Use the time values to calculate the corresponding displacement x at each time point using the equation x = A sin(2πft), where f = 1/T is the frequency. Finally, calculate the PE values for each time point using the formula PE = (1/2)kx². b) To plot the Kinetic Energy (KE) vs. time and Total Energy (E) vs. time, you need to compute the KE and total energy at each time point.The KE can be calculated using the formula KE = (1/2)mv², where v is the velocity. To find the velocity, you can differentiate the displacement equation x = A sin(2πft) with respect to time, resulting in v = 2πfA cos(2πft). Calculate the velocity values at each time point using the derived equation, and then calculate the corresponding KE values. For the Total Energy (E), it is the sum of the PE and KE at each time point. Add the PE and KE values to get the total energy.Once you have calculated the PE, KE, and total E values for each time point, you can plot them on the same graph in Excel, with time on the x-axis and energy on the y-axis.
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3. [-/2 Points] DETAILS OSUNIPHYS1 3.4.P.048. MY NOTES ASK YOUR TEACHER PRACTICE ANOTHER A particle has a constant acceleration of 7.0 m/s. (Due to the nature of this problem, do not use rounded intermediate values in your calculations-including answers submitted in Wesign) (a) If its initial velocity is 2.7 m/s, at what time (ins after t-0) is its displacement 6.0 m (b) What is its speed at that time (in m/s)? m/s Additional Materials Reading Submit Answer
The value of acceleration is 7.0 m/s². (a) We have to find out the time taken by the particle to reach 6.0 m displacement with the initial velocity of 2.7 m/s.(b) Find the velocity of the particle when it is displaced by 6 m.
We know that, acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with time which is denoted as,a = Δv / ΔtHere, Δv = change in velocity and Δt = change in time. The particle has a constant acceleration of 7.0 m/s².We have to find out the time taken by the particle to reach 6.0 m displacement with the initial velocity of 2.7 m/s. (a)
We know that,
Displacement (s) = ut + 1/2 at²where
u = initial velocity,t = time taken to reach 6.0 m displacement.
a = acceleration,
ands = displacement
At s = 6.0 m,
u = 2.7 m/s
t= ?
a = 7.0 m/s²
We can find the time taken by substituting the above values in the formula,
6.0 m = 2.7 m/s × t + 1/2 × 7.0 m/s² × t²6t² + 5.4t - 12 = 0
On solving the above equation, we get,t = 0.935 s (approx)
Thus, the time taken by the particle to reach 6.0 m displacement with the initial velocity of 2.7 m/s is 0.935 s.
(b)We know that,Final velocity (v)² = u² + 2as
Here, u = 2.7 m/s,
s = 6.0 m, and
a = 7.0 m/s²
Therefore, the velocity of the particle when it is displaced by 6.0 m is 13 m/s.
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quick answer
please
QUESTION 16 A parallel-plate capacitor consists of two identical, parallel, conducting plates each with an area of 2.00 cm2 and a charge of +4.00 nC. What is the potential energy stored in this capaci
The potential energy stored in the capacitor is [tex]7.03 * 10^{(-10)} J[/tex].
The potential energy stored in a capacitor can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]U = (1/2) * C * V^2,[/tex]
where U is the potential energy, C is the capacitance, and V is the potential difference (voltage) across the capacitor.
The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by:
C = (ε0 * A) / d,
where ε0 is the permittivity of free space, A is the area of each plate, and d is the separation between the plates.
Given:
Area of each plate (A) = [tex]2.00 cm^2[/tex] = [tex]2.00 * 10^{(-4)} m^2[/tex],
Charge on each plate = +4.00 nC = [tex]+4.00 * 10^{(-9)} C[/tex],
Plate separation (d) = 0.300 mm =[tex]0.300 * 10^{(-3)} m[/tex].
First, we need to calculate the capacitance:
C = (ε0 * A) / d.
The permittivity of free space (ε0) is approximately [tex]8.85 * 10^{(-12) }F/m[/tex].
Substituting the values:
[tex]C = (8.85 * 10^{(-12)} F/m) * (2.00 * 10^{(-4)} m^2) / (0.300 * 10^{(-3)} m).[/tex]
[tex]C = 1.18 * 10^{(-8)} F.[/tex]
Next, we can calculate the potential energy:
[tex]U = (1/2) * C * V^2.[/tex]
The potential difference (V) is given by:
V = Q / C,
where Q is the charge on the capacitor.
Substituting the values:
[tex]V = (+4.00 * 10^{(-9)} C) / (1.18 * 10^{(-8)} F).[/tex]
V = 0.34 V.
Now, we can calculate the potential energy:
[tex]U = (1/2) * (1.18 * 10^{(-8)} F) * (0.34 V)^2.[/tex]
[tex]U = 7.03 * 10^{(-10)} J.[/tex]
Therefore, the potential energy stored in the capacitor is [tex]7.03 * 10^{(-10)}J[/tex]The closest option is a. [tex]1.77 * 10^{(-9)} J[/tex].
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The complete question is:
A parallel-plate capacitor consists of two identical , parallel, conducting plates each with an area of 2.00 cm2 and a charge of + 4.00 nC. What is the potential energy stored in this capacitor if the plate separation is 0.300 mm?
a. 1.77
b.1.36
c. 2.43
d. 3.764
e. 1.04
Question 10. As the baseball is being caught, it's speed goals from 32 to 0 m/s in about 0.008 seconds. It's mass is 0.145 kg. ( Take the direction the baseball is thrown to be positive.) (a) what is the baseball acceleration in m/s2? ----m/s2 What is the baseball's acceleration in g's? -- -g What is the size of the force acting on it? ----N
The baseball's acceleration is -4000 m/s² (-408.16 g) and the force acting on it is -580 N.
The baseball's acceleration can be calculated using the given information. It can be expressed in m/s² and also converted to g's. The force acting on the baseball can also be determined. To calculate the baseball's acceleration, we can use the formula:
Acceleration = (Change in Velocity) / Time
Given that the initial velocity (u) is 32 m/s, the final velocity (v) is 0 m/s, and the time (t) is 0.008 seconds, we can calculate the acceleration.
Acceleration = (0 - 32) m/s / 0.008 s
Acceleration = -4000 m/s²
The negative sign indicates that the acceleration is in the opposite direction of the initial velocity. To express the acceleration in g's, we can use the conversion factor:
1 g = 9.8 m/s²
Acceleration in g's = (-4000 m/s²) / (9.8 m/s² per g)
Acceleration in g's = -408.16 g
The negative sign signifies that the acceleration is directed opposite to the initial velocity and is decelerating.
To determine the size of the force acting on the baseball, we can use Newton's second law of motion:
Force = Mass × Acceleration
Given that the mass (m) of the baseball is 0.145 kg and the acceleration is -4000 m/s², we can calculate the force.
Force = 0.145 kg × (-4000 m/s²)
Force = -580 N
Hence, the baseball's acceleration is -4000 m/s² (-408.16 g) and the force acting on it is -580 N. The negative sign indicates the direction of the force and acceleration in the opposite direction of the initial velocity.
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A 1.0 kg ball is dropped from the roof of a building 40 meters
tall. Ignoring air resistance, what is the approximate time of
fall
The approximate time of fall for a 1.0 kg ball dropped from a 40-meter tall building, ignoring air resistance, is approximately 2.86 seconds.
To determine the approximate time of fall for a ball dropped from a height of 40 meters, we can use the kinematic equation for free fall:
h = (1/2) × g × t²
where:
h is the height (40 meters),g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²),t is the time of fall.Rearranging the equation to solve for t:
t = sqrt((2 × h) / g)
Substituting the given values:
t = sqrt((2 × 40) / 9.8)
t = sqrt(80 / 9.8)
t ≈ sqrt(8.16)
t ≈ 2.86 seconds
Therefore, the approximate time of fall for the 1.0 kg ball is approximately 2.86 seconds when ignoring air resistance.
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A deuteron (the nucleus of an isotope of hydrogen) has a mass of 3.34x10-27 kg and a charge of 1.60 10-19 C. The deuteron travels in a circular path with a radius of 720 mm in a magnetic field with a magnitude of 2.80 T Find the speed of the deuteron
The speed of the deuteron is approximately 3.43 * 10^6 m/s.
To find the speed of the deuteron traveling in a circular path in a magnetic field, we can use the equation for the centripetal force:
[tex]F = q * v * B[/tex]
where:
F is the centripetal force,
q is the charge of the deuteron,
v is the speed of the deuteron,
and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field.
The centripetal force is:
[tex]F = m * (v^2 / r)[/tex]
where:
m is the mass of the deuteron,
v is the speed of the deuteron,
and r is the radius of the circular path.
Setting the centripetal force equal to the magnetic force, we have:
[tex]F = m * (v^2 / r)[/tex]
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the speed (v):
[tex]v = (q * B * r) / m[/tex]
Plugging in the values:
[tex]q = 1.60 * 10^(-19) C[/tex]
B = 2.80 T
r = 720 mm = 0.72 m
[tex]m = 3.34 * 10^(-27) kg[/tex]
[tex]v = (1.60 * 10^(-19) C * 2.80 T * 0.72 m) / (3.34 * 10^(-27) kg)[/tex]
Calculating the value, we get:
[tex]v ≈ 3.43 * 10^6 m/s[/tex]
Therefore, the speed of the deuteron is approximately [tex]3.43 * 10^6 m/s.[/tex]
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What is the arc length travelled by the pointer on a record
player if the record spun for 400 s at an angular velocity of
0.005236 rad/s? radius is 0.40 cm
To summarize,The arc length traveled by the pointer on a record player can be calculated using the formula s = rθ, where s is the arc length, r is the radius, and θ is the angular displacement. Given that the record spins for 400 s at an angular velocity of 0.005236 rad/s and a radius of 0.40 cm, we can calculate the arc length to be approximately 8.35 cm.
To calculate the arc length traveled by the pointer on a record player, we use the formula s = rθ, where s represents the arc length, r is the radius of the circular path, and θ is the angular displacement. Given that the record spins for 400 s at an angular velocity of 0.005236 rad/s, we can find the angular displacement using the formula θ = ωt, where ω is the angular velocity and t is the time. Substituting the given values, we get θ = 0.005236 rad/s × 400 s = 2.0944 rad.
Now, we can calculate the arc length by substituting the radius (0.40 cm) and angular displacement (2.0944 rad) into the formula s = rθ: s = 0.40 cm × 2.0944 rad ≈ 0.8376 cm. Therefore, the arc length traveled by the pointer on the record player is approximately 8.35 cm.
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A particle moving along the x axis has acceleration in the x direction as function of the time given by a(t)=3t2−t.
For t = 0 the initial velocity is 4.0 m/s. Determine the velocity when t = 1.0 s. Write here your answer. Include the units.
The velocity of a particle when t=1.0 is 4.5 m/s.
The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis with acceleration as The velocity of a particle a function of time given by a(t)=3t2−t and an initial velocity of 4.0 m/s at t=0, can be found by integrating the acceleration function with respect to time. The resulting velocity function is v(t)=t3−0.5t2+4.0t. Substituting t=1.0 s into the velocity function gives a velocity of 4.5 m/s.
To solve for the particle's velocity at t=1.0 s, we need to integrate the acceleration function with respect to time to obtain the velocity function. Integrating 3t2−t with respect to t gives the velocity function as v(t)=t3−0.5t2+C, where C is the constant of integration. Since the initial velocity is given as 4.0 m/s at t=0, we can solve for C by substituting t=0 and v(0)=4.0. This gives C=4.0.
We can now substitute t=1.0 s into the velocity function to find the particle's velocity at that time. v(1.0)=(1.0)3−0.5(1.0)2+4.0(1.0)=4.5 m/s.
Therefore, the velocity of the particle when t=1.0 s is 4.5 m/s.
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The Hydrogen Spectrum Electrons in hydrogen atoms are in the n=4 state (orbit). They can jump up to higher orbits or down to lower orbits. Part B The numerical value of the Rydberg constant (determined m −1 ⋅ Express your answer in eV,1eV=1.6 ⋆ 10 −19 J. Keep 4 digits after the decimal point. Planck's constant is h=6.626×10 −34 J⋅s, the speed of light in a vacuum is c=3×10 8 m/s. - Part C What is the SHORTEST ABSORBED wavelength? Express your answer in nanometers (nm),1 nm=10 −9 m. Keep 1 digit after the decimal point.
Part B: The numerical value of the Rydberg constant is approximately 13.6057 eV.
Part C: The shortest absorbed wavelength is approximately 1.175 nm.
** Part B: The Rydberg constant, denoted by R, can be calculated using the formula:
R = (1 / (λ * c)) * (1 / (1 - (1 / n^2)))
Where λ is the wavelength, c is the speed of light, and n is the principal quantum number.
Since the question mentions electrons in the n=4 state, we can substitute n=4 into the formula and solve for R.
R = (1 / (λ * c)) * (1 / (1 - (1 / 4^2)))
R = (1 / (λ * c)) * (1 / (1 - (1 / 16)))
R = (1 / (λ * c)) * (1 / (15 / 16))
R = 16 / (15 * λ * c)
Using the given values of Planck's constant (h) and the speed of light (c), we can calculate the Rydberg constant in terms of electron volts (eV):
R = (16 * h * c) / (15 * 1.6 * 10^(-19))
R = 16 * (6.626 × 10^(-34)) * (3 × 10^8) / (15 * 1.6 × 10^(-19))
R ≈ 1.0974 × 10^7 m^(-1)
Converting this value to electron volts:
R ≈ 13.6057 eV (rounded to four decimal places)
Therefore, the numerical value of the Rydberg constant is approximately 13.6057 eV.
** Part C: The shortest absorbed wavelength can be calculated using the Rydberg formula:
1 / λ = R * ((1 / n1^2) - (1 / n2^2))
For the shortest absorbed wavelength, the transition occurs from a higher energy level (n2) to the n=4 state (n1).
Substituting n1 = 4 into the formula, we have:
1 / λ = R * ((1 / 4^2) - (1 / n2^2))
Since we are looking for the shortest absorbed wavelength, n2 should be the highest possible value, which is infinity (in the limit).
Taking the limit as n2 approaches infinity, the term (1 / n2^2) approaches zero.
1 / λ = R * (1 / 4^2)
1 / λ = R / 16
λ = 16 / R
Substituting the value of the Rydberg constant (R = 13.6057 eV), we can calculate the shortest absorbed wavelength:
λ = 16 / 13.6057
λ ≈ 1.175 nm (rounded to one decimal place)
Therefore, the shortest absorbed wavelength is approximately 1.175 nm.
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Write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete 4xy notation. Refer to the periodic table for values of Z. A decay of 210 Po, the isotope of polonium in the decay series of 238U that was discovered by the Curies.
The complete decay equation for the given nuclide, 210Po, in the complete 4xy notation is:
210Po → 206Pb + 4He
Polonium-210 (210Po) is an isotope of polonium that undergoes alpha decay as part of the decay series of uranium-238 (238U). In alpha decay, an alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) is emitted from the nucleus of the parent atom.
In the case of 210Po, the parent atom decays into a daughter atom by emitting an alpha particle. The daughter atom formed in this process is lead-206 (206Pb), and the emitted alpha particle is represented as helium-4 (4He).
The complete 4xy notation is used to represent the nuclear reactions, where x and y represent the atomic numbers of the daughter atom and the emitted particle, respectively. In this case, the complete decay equation can be written as:
210Po → 206Pb + 4He
This equation shows that 210Po decays into 206Pb by emitting a 4He particle. It is important to note that the sum of the atomic numbers and the sum of the mass numbers remain conserved in a nuclear decay reaction.
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